TABLE 1.
Baseline and procedural characteristics by iron deficiency and anaemia
| Total N = 130 | No iron deficiency N = 62 (48%) | Iron deficiency N = 68 (52%) | P value | No anaemia N = 65 (50%) | Anaemia N = 65 (50%) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 80 (8) | 78 (10) | 81 (9) | 0.07 | 80 (12) | 80 (7) | 0.44 |
| Male sex | 66 (50.8%) | 39 (62.9%) | 27 (39.7%) | 0.009 * | 35 (53.8%) | 31 (47.7%) | 0.6 |
| Functional MR | 57 (43.9%) | 32 (51.6%) | 25 (36.8%) | 0.09 | 31 (47.7%) | 26 (40.0%) | 0.38 |
| ICM | 64/129 (49.6%) | 30 (49.2%) | 34 (50%) | 0.9 | 29 (45.3%) | 35 (54.7%) | 0.27 |
| LogEuroscore > 20 | 38 (29.2%) | 15 (24.2%) | 23 (33.8%) | 0.25 | 15 (23.1%) | 23 (35.4%) | 0.18 |
| EF > 50% | 71/129 (55%) | 34 (54.8%) | 37 (55.2%) | 1 | 35 (53.8%) | 36 (56.3%) | 0.86 |
| Hypertension | 97 (74.6%) | 45 (72.6%) | 52 (76.5%) | 0.69 | 44 (67.7%) | 53 (81.5%) | 0.1 |
| Diabetes | 27 (20.8%) | 11 (17.7%) | 16 (23.5%) | 0.52 | 9 (13.8%) | 18 (27.7%) | 0.08 |
| Prior TIA or stroke | 19 (14.6%) | 8 (12.9%) | 11 (16.2%) | 0.63 | 9 (13.8%) | 10 (15.4%) | 1 |
| Prior MI | 29 (22.3%) | 12 (19.4%) | 17 (25%) | 0.53 | 14 (21.5%) | 15 (23.1%) | 1 |
| CAD | 79 (60.8%) | 36 (58.1%) | 43 (63.2%) | 0.59 | 38 (58.5%) | 41 (63.1%) | 0.72 |
| Prior cardiac surgery | 39 (30%) | 19 (30.6%) | 20 (29.4%) | 1 | 19 (29.2%) | 20 (30.8%) | 1 |
| Prior MV intervention | 4 (3.1%) | 3 (4.8%) | 1 (1.5%) | 0.35 | 2 (3.1%) | 2 (3.1%) | 1 |
| PAD | 18 (13.8%) | 8 (12.9%) | 10 (14.7%) | 0.81 | 6 (9.2%) | 12 (18.5%) | 0.2 |
| COPD | 21/129 (16.3%) | 11 (17.7%) | 10 (14.9%) | 0.81 | 12 (18.5%) | 9 (14.1%) | 0.63 |
| AF | 90 (69.2%) | 43 (69.4%) | 47 (69.1%) | 1 | 41 (63.1%) | 49 (75.4%) | 0.18 |
| Malignancy | 23/129 (17.8%) | 12 (19.7%) | 11 (16.2%) | 0.65 | 11 (17.2%) | 12 (18.5%) | 1 |
| ICD | 13 (10%) | 7 (11.3%) | 6 (8.8%) | 0.77 | 8 (12.3%) | 5 (7.7%) | 0.56 |
| CRT | 19 (14.6%) | 8 (12.9%) | 11 (16.2%) | 0.63 | 9 (13.8%) | 10 (15.4%) | 1 |
| Oral iron supplementation | 8 (6.2%) | 2 (3.2%) | 6 (8.8%) | 0.28 | 3 (4.6%) | 5 (7.7%) | 0.72 |
| Oral anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy | 118 (90.8%) | 57 (91.9%) | 61 (89.7%) | 0.88 | 56 (86.2%) | 62 (95.4%) | 0.16 |
| Vitamin K antagonists | 67 (51.5%) | 32 (51.6%) | 35 (51.5%) | – | 29 (44.6%) | 38 (58.5%) | – |
| DOAC | 22 (16.9%) | 12 (19.4%) | 10 (14.7%) | – | 10 (15.4%) | 12 (18.5%) | – |
| ASA | 29 (22.3%) | 13 (21%) | 16 (23.5%) | – | 17 (26.2%) | 12 (18.5%) | – |
| NYHA class III/IV | 125 (96.2%) | 58 (93.5%) | 67 (98.5%) | 0.14 | 62 (95.4%) | 63 (96.9%) | 0.64 |
| Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.5 (2.9) | 13.2 (2.8) | 11.6 (2.3) | 0.002 * | 13.7 (1.7) | 10.8 (1.8) | <0.001 * |
| Anaemia | 65 (50%) | 23 (37.1%) | 42 (61.8%) | 0.008 * | – | – | – |
| Iron deficiency | 68 (52.3%) | – | – | – | 26 (40%) | 42 (64.6%) | 0.008 * |
| CKD | 97 (74.6%) | 44 (71%) | 53 (78%) | 0.42 | 44 (67.7%) | 53 (81.5%) | 0.11 |
| Median NT‐proBNP (pg/mL) | 2108 (2725) (n = 95) | 1930 (2430) (n = 50) | 2184 (3199) (n = 45) | 0.59 | 1865 (2739) (n = 50) | 2421 (2242) (n = 45) | 0.053 |
| Median eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 42 (29) (n = 129) | 44 (29) (n = 61) | 37 (32) (n = 68) | 0.137 | 46.5 (29) (n = 64) | 37 (26) (n = 65) | 0.028 * |
| Technical successa | 129 (99.2%) | 62 (100%) | 67 (98.5%) | 1 | 65 (100%) | 64 (98.5%) | 1 |
| Post‐procedural MR grade < 2+ | 117 (90%) | 58 (93.5%) | 59 (86.8%) | 0.25 | 59 (90.8%) | 58 (89.2%) | 1 |
| Pericardial effusion | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 |
| Vascular complication | 6 (4.6%) | 2 (3.2%) | 4 (5.9%) | 0.68 | 3 (4.6%) | 3 (4.6%) | 1 |
| Partial clip detachment | 6 (4.6%) | 2 (3.2%) | 4 (5.9%) | 0.68 | 2 (3.1%) | 4 (6.2%) | 0.68 |
| Periprocedural deatha | 5 (3.8%) | 3 (4.8%) | 2 (3%) | 1 | 3 (4.6%) | 2 (3.1%) | 1 |
| Periprocedural stroke a | 3 (2.3%) | 1 (1.6%) | 2 (3%) | 1 | 1 (1.5%) | 2 (3%) | 1 |
| Days of hospital stay after MitraClip | 7 (5) | 8 (4) | 7(5) | 0.6 | 6 (4) | 8 (6) | 0.01 * |
| Blood transfusion after MitraClip | 14 (10.8%) | 5 (8.1%) | 9 (13.2%) | 0.4 | 1 (1.5%) | 13 (20%) | 0.001 * |
AF, atrial fibrillation; ASA, acetylsalicylic acid; CAD, coronary artery disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRT, cardiac resynchronization therapy; DOAC, direct oral Anti‐Xa inhibitor anticoagulation; EF, ejection fraction; ICD, implantable cardioverter defibrillator; ICM, ischaemic cardiomyopathy; MI, myocardial infarction; MR, mitral regurgitation; MV, mitral valve; MVARC, Mitral Valve Academic Research Consortium; NYHA, New York heart association; NT‐proBNP, N terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide; PAD, peripheral artery disease; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.
Data are presented as median with interquartile range or frequency and percentage. Comparison between groups by Mann–Whitney U test or χ2 test.
According to MVARC.
P < 0.05.