Study source	Confounders
Chen (2019) 87	None
Fogarassy (2019) 86	Age, HT, CHD, stroke, cancer stage, chemotherapies, antihypertensive agents
Magnusssen (2019) 89	Age, gender, smoking, BMI, HT, antihypertensive medication, TC
Winell (2019) 88	(Age), (gender)
Chen (2018) 32	Age, gender, region, CHD, coronary revascularization, medication
Eggimann (2018) 33	Age, BMI, valve surgery, arrhythmia intervention, QTc, BNP
Gong (2018) 34	Age, smoking, BMI, MI, OSA, NT‐proBNP, Hb, calcium channel blocker
McAllister (2018) 90	(Age), (gender)
Lamblin (2018) 91	Age, BMI, HT, multi‐vessel CAD, angina, AF, (CHD)
LaMonte (2018) 42	(Gender)
Larsson (2018) 94	Age, gender, BMI, education, (CHD), FH of MI, smoking, PA, HT, HL, alcohol, DASH diet score
Rosengren (2018) 35	Age, (gender), income, education, marital status, duration of DM, stroke, CHD, AF, renal dialysis or transplantation
Wandell (2018) 36	Age, (gender), obesity, socio‐demography, HT, valvular disease, cardiomyopathy, COPD, OSA
Wellings (2018) 37	Age, gender, race, insurance, HT, (CHD), liver disease, CKD, dyslipidaemia
Agarwal (2017) 27	Age, gender, race, HT, CAD, AF, income, ventricular premature complexes
Ballotari (2017) 38	None
Chatterjee (2017) 39	Age, (gender), race, assignment, smoking, PA, alcohol, BMI, SBP, HL, history of MI, CKD, (AF), medication
He (2017) 41	Age, gender, education, WC, SBP, cystatin C, urine albumin, CVD
Jacobs (2017) 97	Age, gender, BMI, smoking, CAD, HT, SBP, HR, Cre, antihypertensive agents
Kim (2017) 40	Age, gender, smoking, obesity, HT, DM, dyslipidaemia, CHD
Pandey (2017) 43	None
Policardo (2017) 44	Age, (gender), Charlson's index, CVD
	RD, malignancy, Hb, Na, K, BUN, Cre, baseline EF medication
Zhang (2017) 31	Age, gender, socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, HT, MI, PVD, cerebrovascular accident, pulmonary disease, RD, malignancy, Hb, Na, K, BUN, Cre, baseline EF medication
Eaton (2016) 28	Age, education, income, smoking, HT, AF, CHD, chronic lung disease, PA, medication, alcohol, other morbidities, anaemia
Goldhar (2016) 45	Age, (gender), income, rural status, HT, previous MI, chemotherapy regimens, cancer stage
Ho (2016) 29	Age, gender, smoking, alcohol, BMI, HT, MI, LVH, LBBB (left bundle branch block)
Sahle (2016) 46	Age, gender, smoking, BMI, BP, CVD, eGFR, HDL
Silverman (2016) 30	Men: age, gender, race, HrR, HT, BMI, TC, HDL, eGFR, IL‐6, coronary artery calcium score, MI during follow‐up, proBNP, Troponin T, LV mass index; women: age, gender, race, HrR, HT, smoking, HDL, eGFR, IL‐6, coronary artery calcium score, MI during follow‐up, proBNP, troponin T, LV mass index
Chahal (2015) 47	Age, gender, smoking, BMI, SBP, HrR, Cre, LVH, (CVD)
Donneyong (2015) 48	None
Qin (2015) 49	None
Shah (2015) 50	Age, gender, smoking, deprivation, BMI, SBP, HDL, TC, statin, (CHD), antihypertensive drugs
Miao (2014) 96	Age, obesity, arrhythmias, PVD, pulmonary disease, pulmonary vascular disease, HT, hypothyroidism, CKD, LD, AIDS, weight loss, electrolyte disorders
Wong (2014) 51	None
Brouwers (2013) 52	Age, gender, obesity, HT, MI, smoking, AF, HL, Cre, cystatine C, UA, CRP, NT‐proBNP, hs‐TnT
Ho (2013) 53	Age, gender, HT, BMI, HrR, MI, CHD, smoking, valvular disease, HDL, AF, LVH, LBBB
Hung (2013) 100	(CHD), age, gender
Potpara (2013) 54	Age, gender, medication
Qureshi (2013) 55	None
Agarwal (2012) 56	Age, gender, race
Nakajima (2012) 57	None
Sato (2012) 98	(CHD), smoking, HT, MVD
Shafazand (2011) 99	(CHD), age, gender, stroke, AF, valvular disease
Roy (2011) 58	Multiple (65 characteristics)
de Simone (2010) 59	None
Goyal (2010) 60	Age, (gender), CHD, AF, valvular diseases
Smith (2010) 61	Age, gender, BMI, HT, MI, (AF), smoking, MR‐proANP, NT‐proBNP, MR‐proADM, CRP, cystatine C, copeptin
van Melle (2010) 62	Age, gender, race, smoking, BMI, PA, LDL, SBP, MI during follow‐up, LVEF, wall motion abnormality, diastolic dysfunction, CRP, medication
Bibbins‐Domingo (2009) 63	(CHD)
Kenchaiah (2009) 64	None
Leung (2009) 65	Age, gender
Lewis (2009) 66	Age, BMI, MI, bypass surgery, HT, angina, GFR, LVEF, medication
Ruigomez (2009) 67	Age, gender, AF, alcohol, smoking, BMI, HT, hyperlipidaemia, venous thromboembolism, CHD, cardiac diseases, COPD
Nafaji (2008) 92	Age, gender, smoking, HT, ECG, CARP, streptokinase or rTPA
Aksnes (2007) 68	Age, LVH, CHD, DM during follow‐up
Fukuda (2007) 69	Age, gender, HT, structural heart disease, persistent AF, %FS, LAD, LVH
Held (2007) 70	None
Ito (2007) 71	Anaemia (Hb < 10 g/dL)
Ingelsson (2005) 72	(Age), (gender), MI, HT, LVH, smoking, BMI
Lentine (2005) 73	Age, gender, smoking, employment, BMI, cause of ESRD, anaemia, MI, arrhythmia, peripheral artery disease, donors' characteristics, graft function, complications during follow‐up
Bibbins‐Domingo (2004) 74	Age, (gender), smoking, SBP, BMI, ECG, CAD grafting, no. of ischaemic origin, Cre
Nichols (2004) 75	None
Wylie (2004) 76	Age, CHD, BNP, ECG, HrR
Lewis (2003) 77	Age, PA, HT, previous MI, LVEF
Rigatto (2002) 78	Age, SBP, Hb, albumin, cadaveric donor, (CHD)
Williams (2002) 93	Age, gender, HT, MI, PP, depression, functional limitations
Abramson (2001) 95	Age, gender, race, smoking, MI, angina, SBP, DBP, TC, HDL, ECG, trial group, ADL
He (2001) 79	Age, gender, race, CHD
Johansson (2001) 80	Age, smoking, BMI, hyperlipidaemia, prior dyspnea irrelevant to HT, prior co‐morbidity (inc. CHD)
Wilhelmsen (2001) 81	Age, (gender), smoking, alcohol, coffee, BMI, HT, (CHD)
Aronow (1999) 82	Age, gender, race, HT, CHD
Chen (1999) 83	Age, gender, PP, BMI, MI during follow‐up
Kannel (1999) 84	Age, (gender), SBP, LVH, heart rate, (CHD), valve disease
Harnett (1995) 85	Age, DBP, CHD, systolic dysfunction, Hb, albumin, LV mass