Figure 2.

Different dispersal routes of bacteria between maternal body sites, infant, and breastfeeding aids. Bacterial dispersal can occur between different maternal body sites and between infant and breastfeeding aids within the context of the environmental pool of species. This complex dispersal network results in bacterial transmission from 1) mother to infant, 2) infant/breastfeeding aids to mother, and 3) mother to breastfeeding aids. Arrows indicate routes of bacterial transmission. BF, Breastfeeding.