Table 3. Benefit-cost ratio by intervention and summary result based on clinical pharmacy service benefit-cost to the hospital and PHS perspective.
| Pharmacist interventions | Adhered interventions | Non-adhered interventions | Total interventions | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hospital | PHS | Hospital | PHS | Hospital | PHS | |
| Medication Introduction | 0.00 | 3.10 | 0.00 | 0.80 | 0.00 | 3.90 |
| Medication withdrawal | 0.03 | 1.70 | 0.03 | 0.40 | 0.06 | 2.20 |
| Dose Increase | 0.00 | 1.20 | 0.00 | 1.40 | 0.00 | 2.60 |
| Dose reduction | 0.07 | 0.90 | 0.00 | 0.20 | 0.07 | 1.10 |
| Medication replacement | 0.00 | 0.50 | 0.00 | 0.20 | 0.00 | 0.70 |
| Administration time change | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.80 | 0.00 | 1.80 |
| Administration route change | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Dosage form change | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.09 |
| Pharmaceutical form concentration change | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 |
| Infusion rate change | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.06 |
| Request for examination | 0.00 | 0.40 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.50 |
| Other | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Summarized Analysis | Adhered interventions | Total interventions | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hospital | PHS | Hospital | PHS | |
| Clinical pharmacy direct cost (US$) | 25,560 | 25,560 | 25,560 | 25,560 |
| Benefit (Cost US$ avoided by the clinical pharmacy service) | 0 | 76,609 | 0 | 117,056 |
| Marginal cost (US$) | 547 | 0 | 1,552 | 0 |
| BCR of clinical pharmacy service | 0 | 3.0 | 0 | 4.6 |
| NB (US$) of clinical pharmacy service | −26,105 | 51,049 | −27,112 | 91,496 |
BCR: benefit-cost ratio; NB: net benefit; PHS: Public Health System.
Note: Benefit-cost ratio of the interventions considered the marginal cost of the clinical pharmacy service by intervention and clinical pharmacy direct cost (zero means there were no benefits), highlighting that the comorbidity costs avoided were measured not specifically for this public hospital but for the whole PHS, scenery where the hospital is fitted. The benefit-cost ratio equal to zero indicates there was no benefit; Negative net benefit means that costs were over than benefits.