TABLE 3.
Baseline characteristics associated with responder (heart failure with recovered ejection fraction) status (n = 95)
| Factors | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Age, per 10 years | ||||
| ≤65 | 0.72(0.43–1.26) | 0.26 | 1.17(0.58–2.37) | 0.66 |
| >65 | 1.42(0.74–2.75) | 0.29 | 1.37(0.61–3.10) | 0.45 |
| Gender: female vs. male | 2.18(0.94–5.05) | 0.068 | 2.37(0.75–7.53) | 0.14 |
| CCS angina classification | 0.25 | |||
| 0 | ref | ‐ | ||
| ≥1 | 0.58(0.23–1.47) | ‐ | ||
| NYHA functional class | 0.19 | |||
| Class I | ref | ‐ | ||
| Class II‐IV | 0.59(0.27–1.29) | ‐ | ||
| Primary aetiology of HF | 0.004 | 0.82 | ||
| Ischaemic vs. non‐ischaemic | 0.37(0.19–0.74) | 0.80(0.12–5.42) | ||
|
Duration of HF (months log scale) |
0.48(0.32–0.73) | 0.0001 | 0.48(0.31–0.76) | 0.0016 |
| Medical comorbidity | ||||
| Hypertension | 1.11(0.57–2.15) | 0.75 | ‐ | |
| Diabetes | 0.96(0.48–1.91) | 0.90 | ‐ | |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.45(0.23–0.87) | 0.018 | 0.64(0.12–3.35) | 0.60 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 0.64(0.33–1.26) | 0.20 | ‐ | |
| COPD | 1.15(0.49–2.67) | 0.75 | ‐ | |
| Previous CABG or PCI | 0.36(0.18–0.72) | 0.0034 | 0.68(0.17–2.72) | 0.58 |
| Medication use | ||||
| Beta blocker | 0.85(0.08–9.54) | 0.89 | ‐ | |
| ACEi/ARB | 0.65(0.20–2.19) | 0.48 | ‐ | |
| Diuretic | 1.02(0.46–2.29) | 0.96 | ‐ | |
| Statins | 0.84(0.42–1.68) | 0.62 | ‐ | |
| ASA | 0.63(0.30–1.29) | 0.20 | ||
| Digoxin | 1.14(0.47–2.76) | 0.77 | ‐ | |
| Antiplatelet | 0.68(0.26–1.77) | 0.44 | ‐ | |
ACEi, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CCS, Canadian Cardiovascular Society; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HF, heart failure; HFrecEF, heart failure with recovered ejection fraction (responder); NYHA, New York Heart Association; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.