Table 1.
Baseline characteristics comparing patients undergoing combined heart and kidney transplant to patients with and without the need for dialysis at time of heart transplant with initial heart transplant followed by kidney transplant
| Characteristics | HKTx–dialysis N = 243 | HKTx–no dialysis N = 472 | KAHN = 130 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Recipient age, years | 50.6 (12.7) | 56.5 (10.4) | 51.3 (14.5) | <.001 |
| Donor age, years | 31.4 (12.4) | 31.6 (11.1) | 29.3 (11.5) | 0.14 |
| Female recipient, n (%) | 46 (19) | 90 (19) | 40 (31) | 0.010 |
| Male recipient, female donor, n (%) | 48 (24) | 62 (16) | 27 (30) | 0.004 |
| Female recipient, male donor, n (%) | 17 (37) | 41 (46) | 16 (40) | 0.60 |
| Race, n (%) | 0.001 | |||
| Asian | 15 (6) | 11 (2) | 1 (1) | |
| African‑American | 77 (32) | 154 (33) | 26 (20) | |
| Hispanic | 25 (11) | 33 (7) | 10 (8) | |
| Caucasian | 117 (49) | 265 (57) | 88 (69) | |
| Other | 4 (2) | 5 (1) | 3 (2) | |
| High school education, n (%) | 229 (94) | 460 (97) | 123 (95) | 0.07 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.9 (5.2) | 27.0 (5.0) | 26.5 (5.1) | 0.024 |
| Waitlist status, n (%) | <.001 | |||
| 1A | 138 (57) | 313 (66) | 76 (58) | |
| 1B | 75 (31) | 143 (30) | 40 (31) | |
| 2 | 30 (12) | 16 (3) | 14 (11) | |
| Ischaemic time, h | 3.2 (1.1) | 3.0 | 3.4 (1.1) | 0.002 |
| Time on waitlist, days | 169.5 (244.5) | 250.0 (398.7) | 152 (260.8) | 0.001 |
| High‐volume centre (>200), n (%) | 170 (70) | 325 (69) | 88 (68) | 0.90 |
| Missing smoking status, n (%) | 1 (0) | 3 (1) | 1 (1) | 0.90 |
| Prior smoking, n (%) | 86 (36) | 208 (44) | 53 (41) | 0.08 |
| Diagnosis, aetiology for heart failure, n (%) | 0.048 | |||
| Ischaemic cardiomyopathy | 89 (37) | 171 (36) | 44 (34) | |
| Restrictive cardiomyopathy | 8 (3) | 24 (5) | 4 (3) | |
| Congenital | 5 (2) | 11 (2) | 10 (8) | |
| Other | 141 (58) | 266 (56) | 72 (55) | |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 0.09 | |||
| No | 140 (58) | 266 (56) | 89 (68) | |
| Type I | 18 (7) | 22 (5) | 8 (6) | |
| Type II | 78 (32) | 171 (36) | 30 (23) | |
| Other type | 1 (0) | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Unknown type | 6 (2) | 10 (2) | 1 (1) | |
| Diabetes status unknown | 0 (0) | 2 (0) | 2 (2) | |
| Dialysis, n (%) | <.001 | |||
| No dialysis | 0 (0) | 472 (100) | 130 (100) | |
| Haemodialysis | 214 (88) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Peritoneal dialysis | 25 (10) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Dialysis with unknown method | 4 (2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 11 (5) | 39 (8) | 8 (6) | 0.16 |
| Cardiac defibrillator, n (%) | 161 (66) | 265 (77) | 99 (76) | 0.005 |
| Serum creatinine at transplant, μmol/L | 486 (309) | 248 (141) | 141 (80) | <.001 |
| Bilirubin at listing, μmol/L | 24 (55) | 21 (53) | 22 (38) | 0.72 |
| Hospital stay, n (%) | 0.57 | |||
| Intensive care treatment | 86 (36) | 170 (36) | 43 (33) | |
| Hospitalized, not in the ICU | 56 (23) | 101 (22) | 23 (18) | |
| Not hospitalized | 100 (41) | 196 (42) | 64 (49) | |
| Ventilator support, n (%) | 5 (2) | 10 (2) | 4 (3) | 0.79 |
| ECMO, n (%) | 2 (1) | 1 (0) | 2 (2) | 0.19 |
| IABP, n (%) | 20 (8) | 29 (6) | 7 (5) | 0.47 |
| LVAD at listing, n (%) | 34 (14) | 61 (13) | 17 (13) | 0.92 |
| LVAD at transplant, n (%) | 10 (4) | 58 (12) | 17 (13) | 0.001 |
| RVAD at listing, n (%) | 9 (4) | 5 (1) | 3 (2) | 0.06 |
| RVAD at transplant, n (%) | 4 (2) | 5 (1) | 3 (2) | 0.53 |
| Total artificial heart, n (%) | 12 (5) | 21 (4) | 3 (2) | 0.47 |
| Inotrope, n (%) | 105 (43) | 217 (46) | 54 (42) | 0.59 |
| Cardiac output, L/min | 8.0 (2.7) | 7.9 (2.5) | 6.6 (2.4) | 0.06 |
| Systolic PAP, mmHg | 45.3 (13.9) | 45.1 (14.0) | 41.4 (14.0) | 0.025 |
| Mean PAP, mmHg | 30.5 (9.0) | 30.6 (9.8) | 28.1 (9.9) | 0.043 |
| PCWP, mmHg | 20.1 (8.6) | 20.5 (8.8) | 19.5 (9.0) | 0.56 |
| Donor CMV status, n (%) | <.001 | |||
| Negative | 83 (34) | 179 (38) | 59 (45) | |
| Not done/unknown | 1(0) | 8 (2) | 9 (7) | |
| Positive | 158 (65) | 280 (60) | 62 (48) | |
| Recipient CMV status, n (%) | 0.38 | |||
| Negative | 86 (35) | 182 (39) | 42 (32) | |
| Not done/unknown | 2 (1) | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Positive | 155 (65) | 289 (61) | 88 (68) | |
| PRA Class 1 > 10%, n (%) | 21 (12) | 56 (20) | 11 (9) | 0.009 |
| PRA Class 2 > 10%, n (%) | 15 (9) | 38 (14) | 9 (8) | 0.10 |
BMI, body mass index; CMV, cytomegalovirus; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; HKTx, combined heart and kidney transplantation; IABP, intra‐aortic balloon pump; ICU, intensive care unit; KAH, kidney transplant after initial heart transplantation; LVAD, left ventricular assist device; PAP, pulmonary artery pressure; PCWP, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; RVAD, right ventricular assist device; PRA, panel reactive antibody.
Data are reported as mean ± standard deviation unless stated otherwise. P values are for comparisons using chi square test (or Fisher's exact test wherever applicable) for categorical variables and Kruskal‑Wallis test for continuous variables to assess any differences between categories.