Table 2.
Echocardiographic measurements in Group I (PCWP < 15 mmHg) and in Group II (PCWP > 15 mmHg), and univariable analysis in predicting PCWP >15 mmHg
| Variables (M ± SD) | Group I (Wedge ≤ 15 mmHg) (N = 35) | Group II (Wedge ≥ 15 mmHg) (N = 43) | P value | OR | AUC, [95%‐CI] | P value |
| LVEDD index | 33.96 ± 4.67 | 35.46 ± 5.67 | 0.2 | 1.06 | 0.58 [0.46–0.71] | 0.21 |
| EF | 29.74 ± 6.19 | 25.94 ± 6.97 | 0.015 | 0.92 | 0.66 [0.60–0.80] | 0.02 |
| GLS | −11.94 ± 15.03 | −7 ± 5.17 | 0.001 | 1.14 | 0.75 [0.61–0.89] | 0.11 |
| GLS 4ch | −9.68 ± 2.78 | −6.77 ± 2.82 | 0.005 | 1.43 | 0.77 [0.64‐0.90] | <0.001 |
| TAPSE | 14.16 ± 8.18 | 14.01 ± 7.57 | 0.696 | |||
| MR, n (%) | 1 (3) | 9 (21) | 0.002 | |||
| AVR or MVpl. | 1 (1) | 2 (2) | 0.338 | |||
| E | 0.66 ± 0.21 | 0.96 ± 0.28 | <0.001 | 3.46 | 0.81 [0.72–0.91] | <0.001 |
| E/A | 1.47 ± 1.4 | 3.1 ± 1.71 | <0.001 | 1.98 | 0.81 [0.70–0.92] | <0.001 |
| E/e' | 15.68 ± 9.33 | 25.48 ± 12.91 | <0.001 | 1.09 | 0.75 [0.64–0.86] | <0.001 |
| LAV | 91.7 ± 28.65 | 123.33 ± 36.17 | <0.001 | 1.03 | 0.75 [0.64–0.86] | <0.001 |
| LAVi | 49 ± 15 | 68 ± 19 | <0.001 | 1.07 | 0.78 [0.65–0.91] | <0.001 |
| TR velocity | 2.33 ± 0.36 | 3.13 ± 0.54 | <0.001 | 8.05 | 0.89 [0.81–0.98] | <0.001 |
| IVRT | 109.45 ± 26.4 | 78.67 ± 20.37 | <0.001 | 0.95 | 0.83 [0.72–0.93] | <0.001 |
| DT | 234.06 ± 106.42 | 160.19 ± 70.12 | <0.001 | 0.99 | 0.76 [0.64–0.89] | <0.001 |
| PV S wave | 0.44 ± 0.24 | 0.29 ± 0.28 | 0.001 | 0.07 | 0.73 [0.63–0.84] | 0.03 |
| PV D wave | 0.42 ± 0.16 | 0.66 ± 0.2 | <0.001 | 1 | 0.84 [0.74–0.94] | <0.001 |
| S/D Ratio | 1.06 ± 0.92 | 0.49 ± 0.44 | 0.002 | 1.17 | 0.85 [0.75–0.95] | 0.002 |
| PV Ar dur – Am dur | 9.47 ± 53.3 | 41.29 ± 37.6 | 0.03 | 0.98 | 0.69 [0.60–0.80] | 0.03 |
| AT RVOT | 112.68 ± 24.52 | 83.15 ± 18.42 | <0.001 | 0.94 | 0.84 [0.74–0.94] | <0.001 |
| ET RVOT | 318.97 ± 44.55 | 275.79 ± 46.09 | <0.001 | 0.98 | 0.75 [0.64–0.86] | <0.001 |
| E‐PULM velocity | 1.54 ± 0.49 | 2.14 ± 0.56 | 0.002 | 8.43 | 0.80 [0.62–0,91] | 0.01 |
| L‐PULM velocity | 1.27 ± 0.39 | 1.7 ± 0.51 | 0.005 | 8.05 | 0.76 [0.62–0.91] | 0.01 |
| LAS cd | 7.67 ± 5.91 | 4.8 ± 3.65 | 0.023 | 0.85 | 0.69 [0.60–0.80] | 0.06 |
| LAS ct | 6.38 ± 4.59 | 3.63 ± 2.24 | 0.004 | 0.78 | 0.74 [0.63–0.85] | 0.02 |
| LAS r | 12.23 ± 6.76 | 7.49 ± 3.69 | <0.001 | 0.81 | 0.75 [0.64–0.86] | <0.001 |
| E/e'sr | 0.78 ± 0.26 | 1.19 ± 0.59 | <0.001 | 9.15 | 0.76 [0.64–0.89] | <0.001 |
AT RVOT, acceleration time at right ventricular outflow track; AUC, area under the curve; AVR: aortic valve replacement; CI, confidence interval; DT, deceleration time; E, peak mitral e‐wave velocity; E/A, peak e‐wave velocity/peak a‐wave velocity ratio; E/e' peak: e‐wave velocity divided by mitral annular e' velocity (average); E/e' sr, peak e‐wave velocity divided by strain rate derived mitral annular early diastolic velocity; EF, ejection fraction; E‐PULM velocity, early diast pulmonary regurgitation velocity; ET RVOT, ejection time AT RVOT; GLS, global longitudinal strain; GLS 4ch, global longitudinal strain in four chamber view; IVRT, isovolumic relaxation time; L‐PULM velocity, late diastolic pulmonary regurgitation velocity; LAS cd, left atrial strain at the counduit phase; LAS ct, left atrial strain at the contraction phase; LAS r, left atrial strain at the reservoir phase; LAV, left atrial volume; LAVi, left atrial volume indexed; LVEDDi, left ventricular end diastolic diameter indexed; MR, mitral regurgitation; MVpl, mitral valve plasty; PV Ar dur, pulmonary vein A wave duration; PV D wave, pulmonary vein D wave velocity; PV S wave, pulmonary vein S wave velocity; S/D ratio, pulmonary vein S wave velocity divided by pulmonary vein D wave; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TR velocity, tricuspid regurgitation peak velocity.