TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients (n = 124) according to CKD and HF cohorts
| Overall | Moderate CKD | Severe CKD | P value | HFrEF | HFmEF | HFpEF | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proportion | 100% (124) | 54.8% (68) | 45.2% (56) | — | 49.2% (61) | 20.2% (25) | 29.8% (37) | — |
| Age (years) | 78.5 (16.3) | 78.8 (13.7) | 78.3 (19.9) | 0.53 | 77.8 (17.6) | 79.0 (61.2–83.4) | 80.5 (14.8) | 0.45 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 31.4 (10.1) | 38.4 (6.8) | 22.1 (4.7) | <0.001 | 31.2 (10.3) | 30.3 (11.1) | 32.1 (9.1) | 0.85 |
| EF (%) | 38.8 (13.8) | 40.1 (14.9) | 37.2 (12.3) | 0.32 | 27.1 (6.6) | 42.1 (2.5) | 55.8 (5.2) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 52.4% (65) | 52.9% (36) | 51.8% (29) | 0.90 | 44.3% (27) | 64.0% (16) | 59.5% (22) | 0.20 |
| Na (mmol/L) | 140.5 (3.5) | 140.2 (3.9) | 140.8 (3.0) | 0.61 | 140.3 (3.9) | 141.6 (2.4) | 140.1 (3.3) | 0.26 |
| K (mmol/L) | 4.6 (0.5) | 4.6 (0.5) | 4.6 (0.6) | 0.60 | 4.6 (0.5) | 4.5 (0.5) | 4.6 (0.6) | 0.39 |
| Hb (g/L) | 114.1 (20.7) | 117.3 (20.3) | 110.3 (22.8) | 0.07 | 114.9 (21.3) | 113.4 (23.3) | 113.0 (18.4) | 0.66 |
| Hospital admissions | 50% (62) | 42.6% (29) | 58.9% (33) | 0.10 | 60.7% (37) | 32.0% (8) | 45.9% (17) | 0.04 * |
| Death | 16.1% (20) | 14.7% (10) | 17.9% (10) | 0.81 | 24.6% (15) | 8.0% (2) | 8.1% (3) | 0.04 * |
The continuous data are summarized as mean/SD if normally distributed or median/IQR interval otherwise. P values are the results of appropriate tests applied according to data nature, that is, t‐tests for continuous normally distributed data, Kruskal–Wallis for continuous variables which display departures from normality, and χ 2 for proportions.
*
P values were 0.03 and 0.02, respectively, for comparison of proportions of patients having hospital admission and death between HFrEF patients and those with non‐reduced EF.