Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants.
| Characteristics | ART (n = 118) | Spontaneous (n = 91) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal | |||
| Age (years) | 30.47 ± 3.70 | 29.76 ± 4.34 | 2.14 × 10−01 |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 21.70 ± 2.91 | 21.74 ± 4.14 | 9.47 × 10−01 |
| Gravidity | 3.69 × 10−01 | ||
| 0 | 54(45.76) | 36(39.56) | |
| > 0 | 64(54.24) | 55(60.44) | |
| Infant | |||
| Mode of delivery | 5.06 × 10−10 | ||
| Cesarean section | 100(84.75) | 40(43.96) | |
| Vaginal | 18(15.25) | 51(56.04) | |
| Gender | 1.27 × 10−01 | ||
| Male | 67(56.78) | 42(46.15) | |
| Female | 51(43.22) | 49(53.85) | |
| Gestational age (weeks) | 38.28 ± 1.61 | 39.49 ± 0.90 | 7.30 × 10−10 |
| Birth weight (g) | 3225.85 ± 492.35 | 3255.28 ± 485.11 | 6.66 × 10−01 |
| Feeding mode | 9.53 × 10−02 | ||
| Exclusively breast-fed (%) | 51(43.22) | 51(56.04) | |
| Exclusively formula-fed (%) | 4(3.39) | 5(5.49) | |
| Mixed fed (formula + breast-feeding) (%) | 63(53.39) | 35(38.46) | |
| ART processing | |||
| Regimen for ovulation induction | |||
| Antagonist regimen | 26(22.03) | ||
| Microstimulation | 10(8.47) | ||
| Agonist long regimen | 29(24.58) | ||
| Short-acting long regimen | 53(44.92) | ||
| HCG_E2 (ng/mL) | 3.96 ± 2.38 | ||
| HCG_P (ng/mL) | 0.94 ± 0.90 | ||
| HCG_Endometrial thickness (mm) | 10.35 ± 2.53 | ||
| Corpus luteum support drugs through the vagina | |||
| no | 27(22.88) | ||
| yes | 91(77.12) | ||
| Oral or injection of corpus luteum support drugs | |||
| no | 10(8.47) | ||
| yes | 108(91.53) | ||
| Insemination method | |||
| IVF | 75(63.56) | ||
| ICSI | 43(36.44) | ||
| Transplant embryo type | |||
| Fresh | 34(28.81) | ||
| Frozen | 84(71.19) |
N = 209 dyads from the CNBC cohort. Data are presented as mean ± SD or counts and percentages, respectively. Continuous variables were tested by Student’s t test. Nominal variables were tested either with χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test.
BMI, body mass index; HCG_E2, Estradiol level at HCG day; HCG_P, Progesterone level at HCG day; HCG_Endometrial thickness, Endometrial thickness at HCG day.