Table 3.

Case-control studies showing association of Eubacterium spp. with liver diseases.

Pathology/condition/cohort description	Principal method(s) used	Inferences	Reference
86 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD: 72 patients had stage 0–2 fibrosis and were classified as mild/moderate NAFLD and 14 patients had stage 3–4 fibrosis and were classified as advanced NAFLD.	Metagenomic shotgun sequencing	Eubacterium rectale, Ruminococcus obeum CAG: 39, and R. obeum, were significantly lower in advanced fibrosis than mild/moderate NAFLD; E. rectale was the most abundant organism in mild/moderate NAFLD. Indicates possible protective role of E. rectale.	Loomba et al.188
Gut metagenomic datasets from 123 patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) and 114 healthy control subjects. Metagenomes from 47 healthy individuals, 49 compensated, and 46 decompensated cirrhotic patients were finally chosen for meta-omic analysis.	In silico meta-omic analysis	Trends in patients with compensated and decompensated LC compared to healthy subjects: ↓ Eubacterium rectale, Alistipes putredinis, Alistipes shahii, and Coprococcus eutactus ↑ Haemophilus parainfuenzae, Streptococcus salivarius, Lactobacillus salivarius, and Veillonella parvula	Shao et al.189
Gut metagenomes from 98 Chinese LC patients and 83 healthy volunteers.	Metagenomic shotgun sequencing	Veillonella, Streptococcus, Clostridium and Prevotella were enriched in the liver cirrhosis group, while Eubacterium and Alistipes were dominant in the healthy controls.	Qin et al.190