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. 2020 Jan 15;11(4):771–788. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2019.1707015

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© 2020 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 2. — Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) and Pediococcus pentosaceus (PP) barely induce TNF-α production in THP-1 macrophages but significantly induce ISRE activation. (a-b) Supernatants obtained from THP-1 macrophages exposed to LAB isolates at a ratio of 1:25 were analysed for the presence of (a) TNF-α production using a commercial TNF-α ELISA and (b) ISRE activation using a pISRE-FLuc/RLuc bioassay. In both cases, isolates on the right-hand side of the dotted line induced statistically significant responses compared with the rest as determined by one way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s Least Significant Difference (LSD) Test (*p < .05; **p < .01; ****p < .001). (c) Correlation between TNF-α production and ISRE activation in THP-1 macrophages exposed to each of the LAB selected in this study at a ratio of 1:25. Doted lines indicate the thresholds used for TNF-α concentration (250 ng/mL) and ISRE activation (2-fold increase) to divide the graph into quadrants (Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4).