(A and B) Representative images of TUNEL and tropomyosin (TPM) staining in the LV (A) and RV (B) of the control and p38-cdKO hearts at P1. Original magnification, ×20. Arrowhead indicates area at higher magnification (×60) in the inset. (C) Percentage TUNEL-positive cardiomyocyte nuclei/total cardiomyocyte nuclei (control and p38-cdKO n = 6 at P1 and n = 7 at P3; mean ± SEM). (D) Immunoblot and quantification of the Bcl2 protein level in the neonatal hearts at P1 (n = 3; mean ± SEM). (E–L) Representative images of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) staining in the RV from control or p38-cdKO hearts at E19.5 (E and H), P3 (F and I), and P7 (G and J) time points, and in the LV from control or p38-cdKO hearts at P7 (K and L). Scale bar: 40 μm. (M and N) Cross-sectional area of cardiomyocytes from the RV (M) and LV (N) during postnatal development (control and p38-cdKO at 1 month n = 3, other groups n = 6; mean ± SEM). **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05 for all panels (control vs. p38-cdKO).