Table 2.

Results of Multilevel Models Examining Phase of Behavior Change as a Moderator of the Within-Subject Effects of Physical Activity Level on Negative Affective Response

Pre-action (Pre-A) vs. Action (A) Phases					Action (A) vs. Maintenance (M) Phases
	n					n
Level-1 (occasion)	2,805				Level-1 (occasion)	2,257
Level-2 (burst)	183				Level-2 (burst)	144
Level-3 (person)	93				Level-3 (person)	75
	β (SE)	p	t	df		β (SE)	p	t	df
Intercept	1.37 (0.12)	<.001	11.54	89	Intercept	1.19 (0.12)	<.001	9.96	71
Sexa	0.07 (0.09)	.466	0.73	89	Sexa	0.12 (0.09)	.165	1.40	71
Afternoonb	0.08 (0.03)	.003	3.33	2524	Afternoonb	0.08 (0.03)	.005	2.81	2033
Eveningb	0.01 (0.09)	.704	0.38	2524	Eveningb	−0.01 (0.03)	.827	−0.22
Day of Weekc	−0.09 (0.03)	.010	−2.97	2524	Day of the Weekc	0.001 (0.03)	.980	0.03	2033
Activity Leveld					Activity Leveld
BS	−0.48 (0.62)	.449	−0.76	89	BS	0.18 (0.64)	.780	0.28	71
WS	0.10 (0.05)	.049	1.97	2524	WS	−0.10 (0.05)	.061	1.88	2033
Phase of Change (A vs. Pre-A)e					Phase of Change (M vs. A)f
BS	0.09 (0.11)	.391	0.83	89	BS	−0.21 (0.09)	.026	−2.28	71
WS Activity Leveld × WS Phase of Change (A vs. Pre-A)e	−0.08 (0.19)	.688	−0.40	2524	WS Activity Leveld × WS Phase of Change (M vs. A)f	−0.27 (0.13)	.045	−2.01	2033

Note. BS = Between-subjects (centered on the group mean). WS = Within-subjects (centered on the person mean). Each column represents a separate model.

^aMale = 1 versus Female =0.

^bReference group is morning.

^cWeekend day = 1 versus weekday = 0.

^dCurrently engaging in physical activity = 1 versus not currently engaging in physical activity = 0.

^eAction (A) = 1 versus pre-action (Pre-A) = 0.

^fMaintenance (M) = 1 versus action (A) = 0.

Random intercept multilevel models with robust standard errors are used.