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. 2020 Sep 21;130(10):5591–5602. doi: 10.1172/JCI133935

Figure 8. Ex vivo PBMC–derived cytokine production and associations with baseline circulating inflammatory proteins.

Figure 8

Fold changes compared with baseline of ex vivo PBMC–derived S. aureus–induced TNF-α responses (A) and M. tuberculosis–induced IFN-γ responses (B) on day 14 versus baseline and day 90 versus baseline as examples of upregulated cytokine responses after BCG vaccination (fold change day 14 versus baseline n = 289, fold change day 90 versus baseline n = 275). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 by Wilcoxon’s matched-pairs signed-rank test. (C) Fold changes in IFN-γ in response to M. tuberculosis on day 14 versus baseline separated by sex. (D) Spearman’s correlations between baseline inflammatory proteins and fold changes in PBMC-derived S. aureus–induced IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α responses and M. tuberculosis–induced IFN-γ responses separated by sex. Significant, positive correlations (ρ > 0) are depicted in red, significant negative correlations (ρ < 0) in blue, and nonsignificant correlations in white. Only proteins with a significant correlation with at least one of the ex vivo cytokine responses are depicted in this figure.