Table 1.
Review of MIS-C Cohortsa
| Cases (N) | Ages (med, mean) (range, IQR, or [SD]) | Involved systems [N (%)] |
Other (fatalities, other cytokine abnormalities) | Laboratory findings [med (range or IQR) or mean [SD])] |
SARS-CoV-2 test + [N (% of tested)] |
Refs | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CNS b | Mucosal membranec | Respiratory | Cardiacd | Gastrointestinale | Rash | Joint | Renalf | Peripheral blood counts (×109/l) | CRP (mg/l) | IL-6 (pg/ml) | Ferritin (ug/l) | SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR | SARS-CoV-2 IgG | ||||
| 10 | 7.25 (2.9–16) | 4 (40) | 9 (80) | n.r. | 9 (90) | 6 (60) | 9 (80) | n.r. | n.r. | 7/10 neutrophiliag, ALC 0.8 (0.4–1.9), Plt 121 (66–192) | 242 (9–525) | 177 [137] | 893 (199–3213) | 2 (20) | 8 (80) | [24] | |
| 16 | 10 (4.7–12.5) | 3 (18) | 15 (94) | 2 (12) | 11 (69) | 13 (81) | 13 (81) | 1 (6) | 9 (56) | Elevated TNF and IL-1 in 1 patient, normal in 3 patients | WBC 11.5 (9–14), ANC 9.2 (7.6–10.7), ALC 1.2 (0.8–1.7), Plt 188 (164–244) | 207 (162–236) | 270 (136–526) | 1067 (272–1709) | 11 (69) | 7 (87) | [25] |
| 21 | 7.9 (3.7–16.6) | 6 (29) | 17 (81) | n.r. | 17 (81) | 21 (100) | 16 (76) | 2 (10) | 11 (52) | WBC 17.4 (5.4–42.8), ANC 13.6 (3.3–36.4), ALC 1.1 (0.4–5.6), Plt 499 (78–838) | 253 (89–363) | 170 (4–1366) | n.r. | 8 (38) | 19 (90) | [26] | |
| 156 | 8 (5–11) | n.r. | 24 (22) | n.r. | 79 (73) | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | 1 fatality | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | 79 (73) (type n.r.) | [27] | |
| 58h | 9 (5.7–14) | 5 (9) | 26 (45) | 12 (21) | 29 (50) | 30 (52) | 30 (52) | n.r. | 13 (22) | 1 fatality | WBC 17 (12–22), ANC 13 (10–19), ALC 0.8 (0.5–1.5), Plt 151 (104–210) | 229 (156–338) | n.r. | 610 (359–1280) | 15 (26) | 40 (87) | [28] |
| 33 | 10 (6–13) | 4 (12) | 12 (36) | 11 (33) | 21 (66) | 23 (69) | 14 (42) | n.r. | n.r. | 1 fatality | WBC 11.0 (8.5–14.4), ALC 1.1 (0.6–1.3), Plt 176 (131–282) | 255 (181–310) | 200 (56–330) | 568 (340–954) | 11 (33) | 27 (81) | [29] |
| 15 | 12 (3–20) | n.r. | 4 (27) | 3 (20) | 13 (87) | 13 (87) | 7 (47) | n.r. | n.r. | 1 fatality; IL-8 elevated in all patients; TNF elevated in 12/15 patients; IL-1 normal in all | 13/15 lymphopenicg, Plt 198 (42–516) | 249 (47–390) | 253 (31–504) | 628 (264–10170) | 8 (53) | 15 (100) | [30] |
| 99 | 31% (0–5 y) 42% (6–12 y) 26% (13–20 y) | 2 (2) | 60 (61) | 40 (40) | 59 (60) | 79 (80) | 61 (62) | 4 (4) | 10 (10) | Two fatalities | WBC 10.4 (6.7–14.5), 58/89 lymphopenicg; 0/89 neutropenicg, Plt 155 (105–233) | 219 (150–300) | 116 (37–315) | 522 (305–820) | 50 (51) | 76 (99) | [31] |
| 186 | 8.3 (3.3–12.5) | 12 (6) | 137 (74)i | 131 (70) | 149 (80) | 171 (92) | i | 4 (2) | 15 (8) | Four fatalities | 147/184 lymphopenicg, 126/184 neutrophiliag, Plt 133 (88, 235) | 178 (128–259) | n.r. | 639 (333–1178) | 43 (59) | 36 (62) | [32] |
| 18 | 7.7 [7.0] | 0 | n.r. | 4 (22) | n.r. | 5 (29) | 5 (28) | 3 (16) | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | 2 (11) | 8 (47) | [18] |
Abbreviations: ANC, absolute neutrophil count; ALC, absolute lymphocyte count; IQR, interquartile range; n.r., not reported; Plt, platelets; SD, standard deviation; WBC, white blood cell count.
Does not include headache or meningeal signs.
Includes conjunctivitis.
Includes echocardiographic findings, need for resuscitative medications, and elevated cardiac markers (troponin and brain natriuretic protein; BNP).
Does not include isolated abdominal pain, which was uncommonly reported as an isolated symptom among studies but is present in up to 62% of reported patients [17].
Includes acute kidney injury.
Absolute counts not reported.
Patients from initial cohort recognizing the disorder [33] were included in a larger cohort [28] listed in the table.
Mucocutaneous (mucous membrane and cutaneous not differentiated).