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. 2020 Sep 26;12(9):1032–1049. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i9.1032

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©The Author(s) 2020. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial.

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Characterization of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. A: Surface protein expression was analyzed using flow cytometry. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were assessed at the fourth passage; B: Chemokine receptor expression was analyzed at passages 3–7 by flow cytometry; C: Representative images of umbilical cord-derived MSCs and bone marrow-derived MSCs differentiation into adipocytes (bone marrow-derived MSCs: day 7; umbilical cord-derived MSCs: day 21), chondrocytes (day 21) and osteocytes (day 14). Scale bars: 200 μm. Adipocytes were detected by goat anti-mouse FABP4 polyclonal antibody under a fluorescence microscope. Osteoblasts and chondrocytes were stained with Alizarin Red S and Alcian Blue, respectively and observed under a light microscope; D: Growth rate of MSCs at different passages; and E: Pluripotency transcription factor expression levels of cultured MSCs measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (target, GAPDH), D and E: Bone marrow-derived MSCs. Statistical analysis was performed by Student’s t-tests, ^aP < 0.05 vs indicated group. iso: Isotype; Klf4: Kruppel‐like factor 4; Nanog: Nanog homeobox; NS: No significance; OCT4: Octamer-binding transcription factor 4; UC-MSC: Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells; BM-MSCs: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.