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. 2020 Sep 26;12(9):938–951. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i9.938

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©The Author(s) 2020. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial.

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Schematic diagram of the dynamic HMGB1–CXCL12–SDF1 axis for accelerated tissue regeneration. Disulfide (oxidized) HMGB1 usually binds to RAGE and TLR and regulates the expression of genes with pro- or anti-inflammatory properties and partial chemotactic properties. Whereas, fully reduced HMGB1 released from necrotic or stressed cells forms a heterocomplex with SDF1 secreted from activated immune cells or from cells within the injured tissues. Later, this heterocomplex binds to the CXCR4 receptors on the cells and facilitates site-specific migration[123-125]. MSC: Mesenchymal stem cells.