Table 3.

Theory of mind performance in individuals using anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), individuals with anabolic androgenic steroid dependence (AASdep), and in weightlifting control participants (WLC)

	WLC (n = 85)		AAS (n = 43)		AASdep (n = 51)		Statistics
	Females n = 16 Mean (SD)	Males n = 69 Mean (SD)	Females n = 9 Mean (SD)	Males n = 34 Mean (SD)	Females n = 7 Mean (SD)	Males n = 44 Mean (SD)
Total ToM Range 0–45	36.9 (1.8)	35.4 (3.0)	34.1 (2.9)	34.7 (3.7)	32.9 (6.4)	33.3 (5.2)	Group: F = 5.6, p = 0.004 ŋ = 0.06 Sex: F < 0.1, p = 0.839 ŋ = 0.00 G x S: F = 0.9, p = 0.430 ŋ = 0.01
Cognitive ToM Range 0–26	22.1 (1.5) 88%	21.4 (2.1) 82.3%	20.8 (2.3) 80%	21.0 (2.3) 80.8%	19.6 (4.0) 75.4%	20.1 (3.4) 77.3%	Group: F = 5.2, p = 0.007 ŋ = 0.06 Sex: F = 0.2, p = 0.645 ŋ = 0.00 G x S: F = 0.6, p = 0.538 ŋ = 0.00
Affective ToM Range 0–18	14.4 (2.0) 80%	13.8 (1.8) 76.7%	13.7 (1.4) 76.1%	13.5 (2.1) 75%	13.1 (2.4) 72.8%	13.1 (2.2) 72.8%
Overmentalizing errors Range 0–45	3.3 (1.5)	4.7 (2.6)	5.0 (3.4)	4.6 (2.9)	5.0 (5.5)	4.8 (2.5)	Group: F = 5.5, p = 0.005 ŋ = 0.06 Sex: F = 0.1, p = 0.762 ŋ = 0.00 G x S: F = 0.8, p = 0.470 ŋ = 0.00
Undermentalizing errors Range 0–45	3.6 (1.4)	3.5 (1.9)	4.0 (1.6)	4.1 (2.4)	4.9 (1.9)	4.8 (2.7)
No mentalizing errors Range 0–45	1.3 (1.3)	1.4 (1.2)	1.7 (1.0)	1.6 (1.3)	2.3 (1.1)	2.1 (1.6)

Entries in italics means that a result is statistically significant