Table 1.
Sociodemographic data, clinical assessment and biomarkers, according to sex.[(mean, SD) or (N, %)].
| Men (n = 82; 62.1%) |
Women (n = 50; 37.9%) |
Test (p) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 35.41 (11.52) | 40.16 (12.35) | t = − 2.234 (0.027) |
| Illness duration (years) | 8.38 (9.01) | 9.84 (12.11) | t = − 0.787 (0.433) |
| Hospital admissions | 1.66 (2.50) | 1.40 (1.64) | t = 0.583 (0.561) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.62 (5.66) | 27.60 (5.80) | t = 0.997 (0.321) |
| CPZeq (mg/day) | 776.23 (551.69) | 501.42 (539.41) | t = 2.799 (0.006) |
| BZD treatment, n (%) | 43 (52.4%) | 19 (38.0%) | Χ2 = 2.600 (0.107) |
| Smoking, n (%) | 48 (58.5%) | 17 (34.0%) | Χ2 = 7.482 (0.006) |
| Clinical scales | |||
| PANSS positive | 13.63 (5.34) | 11.68 (5.24) | t = 2.053 (0.042) |
| PANSS negative | 19.39 (5.70) | 16.96 (5.71) | t = 0.993 (0.019) |
| PANSS GP | 31.70 (8.00) | 27.22 (7.90) | t = 0.642 (0.002) |
| CAINS MAP | 20.27 (9.47) | 18.16 (10.21) | t = 1.205 (0.230) |
| CAINS EXP | 6.84 (4.10) | 5.66 (4.50) | t = 1.548 (0.124) |
| CDS | 3.23 (3.95) | 3.00 (4.24) | t = 0.318 (0.751) |
| MCCB (T-scores) | |||
| Speed of processing | 33.39 (18.36) | 32.26 (11.52) | t = 0.390 (0.697) |
| Attention/vigilance | 34.55 (10.80) | 34.62 (11.94) | t = − 0.035 (0.973) |
| Working memory | 38.80 (14.37) | 40.61 (12.55) | t = − 0.730 (0.467) |
| Verbal learning | 38.84 (9.75) | 41.96 (12.14) | t = − 1.622 (0.107) |
| Visual learning | 35.72 (14.04) | 38.27 (14.35) | t = − 0.996 (0.321) |
| Reasoning and problem solving | 35.52 (9.61) | 36.35 (7.35) | t = − 0.551 (0.583) |
| Social cognition | 43.46 (16.15) | 47.69 (20.21) | t = − 1.232 (0.222) |
| CRP (mg/dL) | 0.33 (0.36) | 0.37 (0.51) | t = − 0.463 (0.645) |
| CRP > 0.3 mg/dL, n (%) | 22 (26.8%) | 13 (26.0%) | Χ2 = 0.011 (0.917) |
BMI: Body Mass Index, BZD: Benzodiazepines, CAINS: Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms, -EXP: Expression subscale, -MAP: Motivation and Pleasure subscale, CDS: Calgary Depression Scale, CPZeq: Chlorpromazine equivalent, CRP: C-Reactive Protein; MCCB: MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery, PANSS: Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, -GP: General Psychopathology.