Table 2.

Isolated Beating Heart Function and Energetics

	CD		HFHS		HFHS/VAL		HFHS/SAC/VAL
	Baseline	High Workload	Baseline	High Workload	Baseline	High Workload	Baseline	High Workload
Systolic pressure, mm Hg	104 ± 3.4	126 ± 3.5	102 ± 5.5	95 ± 3.0∗	93 ± 2.5	98 ± 3.0	101 ± 4.1	103 ± 4.2
EDP, mm Hg	9.4 ± 0.3	12 ± 0.3	9.4 ± 0.4	17.6 ± 1.4∗	8.25 ± 0.2	11.9 ± 0.7†	9.1± 0.2	12.4 ± 1.0†
Developed pressure, mm Hg	94 ± 3.2	114 ± 3.3	92 ± 5.6	77 ± 3.0∗	85 ± 2.4	86 ± 2.7∗	92 ± 4.2	91 ± 4.4∗
Heart rate, paced, beats/min	450	600	450	600	450	600	450	600
RPP 103, mm Hg/min	42.4 ± 1.4	68.3 ± 1.9	41.5 ± 2.5	46.2 ± 1.8∗	38.2 ± 1.1	51.4 ± 1.6∗‡	41.6 ± 1.9	54.6 ± 2.7∗‡
PCr, mmol/l	20 ± 0.6	14.1 ± 0.7	15.8 ± 0.4∗	11.8 ± 0.4∗	15.7± 0.4∗	12.4 ± 0.3	15.9 ± 0.3∗	13.2 ± 0.6
ATP, mmol/l	10 ± 0.1	9.4 ± 0.3	10 ± 0.2	9.7 ± 0.4	10 ± 0.3	9.9 ± 0.2	10 ± 0.2	9.32 ± 0.3
PCr/ATP	2.0 ± 0.1	1.51 ± 0.1	1.59 ± 0.1∗	1.22 ± 0.1∗	1.58 ± 0.1∗	1.26 ± 0.1∗	1.59 ± 0.1∗	1.41 ± 0.1

Values are mean ± SEM, unless otherwise indicated. n = 4 to 6. LV function and high-energy phosphates (³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) were measured simultaneously in an isolated retrograde-perfused Langendorff heart preparation.

ATP = adenosine triphosphate; EDP = end-diastolic pressure; PCr = phosphocreatine; RPP = rate × pressure product; other abbreviations as in Table 1.

^∗p < 0.05 vs. CD;

^†p < 0.05 vs. HFHS;

^‡p < 0.05 vs. the respective baseline value.