Table 1.

Pro-tumoral characteristics of infiltrating γδ T cells in human cancer.

Type of cancer	γδ sub-populations	Phenotype (surface markers)	Mode of action	Pro-tumoral/suppression factors	Prognosis value	References
Breast cancer	Vδ1 (predominantly)	CD8αα+, CD25–, FoxP3– (TILs clones)	Suppression of T cells and DC	Undefined soluble factor (not TGF-β or IL-10)	Correlation with advanced tumor stages, inverse correlation with OS and RFS	(28, 29)
	Vδ1 and Vδ2	CD39+, CD73+	n/a	n/a	Associated with late stage disease	(30)
Colorectal cancer	Vδ1 (predominantly)	CD39+, CD25+, FoxP3+	Suppression of T cells	Adenosine	Correlation with malignant clinicopathological features	(31)
	Vδ1 (Vδ2 defined as anti-tumoral)	n/a	Suppression of T cells	n/a	Correlation of Vδ1 with disease T stage (negative correlation with Vδ2)	(32)
	Vδ1 (predominantly)	CD45RO+, CD161+, CCR6+, CD69+ TEM phenotype CD45RA–, CD27–	Attraction of PMN-MDSCs	IL-17A, IL-8, GM-CSF	Correlation with advanced clinicopathological features	(33)
Gallbladder cancer	γδ	n/a (CXCR3)	Angiogenesis, suspected attraction of MDSCs	IL-17A	Associated with poor survival	(34)
Ovarian cancer	Vδ1 (predominantly)	n/a	Suppression of T cells, suspected promotion of pro-tumoral myeloid cells	Suppressive factor not determined, production of IL-17A	Correlation with advanced clinicopathological features	(35)
Pancreatic ductal adeno carcinoma	Non Vγ9	TEM phenotype CD45RA–, CD27–, CD62L–	Suppression of T cells (mouse model)	PD-L1, Galectin-9	n/a	(36)