Table 2.
Characteristics of Japanese cases with endoscopic and conventional surgery for adult Bochdalek hernia, literature review (1999 − 2019)
| Endoscopic surgery | Conventional surgery | |
|---|---|---|
| All cases | 37 | 53 |
| Age at diagnosis (years) | ||
| Median (years) | 54 | 59 |
| Range (years) | 20−87 | 21−89 |
| Sex (male/female) | 17/20 | 18/35 |
| Operative approach | ||
| Transabdominal | 27 | 45 |
| Transthoracic | 6 | 4 |
| Combined | 4 | 4 |
| Hernia orifice location | ||
| Right/left/NA | 2/32/3 | 14/37/2 |
| Size of the hernia orifice | ||
| < 5 cm/≧ 5 cm/NA | 7/19/37 | 13/20/20 |
| Hernia sac | ||
| Present/absent/NA | 5/14/18 | 3/27/23 |
| Abnormal condition | ||
| Bowel rotation | 4 | 5 |
| Bowel perforation | 0 | 12 |
| Hernia orifice repair | ||
| Simple suture | 13 | 38 |
| Suture and mesh | 13 | 3 |
| Mesh only | 7 | 5 |
| No repair | 4 | 3 |
| NA | 7 | 4 |
NA not available