Table 3.

Expression and antiviral activity of intracellular DNA sensors in CNS cell types.

Sensor	CNS cell type	Antiviral activity	References
ZBP1	Primary mouse whole brain tissue, cortical neurons, microglia, and astrocytes	Neuronal immunometabolism regulation, antiviral, and proinflammatory cytokine production	Furr et al., 2011; Daniels et al., 2019; Rothan et al., 2019
cGAS	Primary murine neurons, astrocytes, and microglia Primary human astrocytes and microglia Human cell lines U87-MG and hμglia	IFN and ISG expression	Cox et al., 2015; Reinert et al., 2016; Jeffries and Marriott, 2017
IFI16	Primary mouse epithelial cells Primary human astrocytes Human cell lines, corneal epithelial, astrocytes, microglia	Inflammasome activation	Conrady et al., 2012; Coulon et al., 2019; Jeffries et al., 2020
AIM2	Primary mouse astrocytes and microglia Human cell line, SK-N-SH	Inflammasome activation	Cox et al., 2015; Yogarajah et al., 2017; Song et al., 2019
DDX41	Zebrafish whole brain	IFN expression	Ma et al., 2018
DNA PK	Primary mouse cerebral cortex and neurons	Unknown	Chechlacz et al., 2001; Vemuri et al., 2001
RNA pol III	Primary mouse astrocytes and microglia Mouse cell line, EOC13.31 Human cell line, hμglia	IFN expression and NF-κB activation via RIG-I	Crill et al., 2015; Johnson et al., 2020