Table 2.

Characteristics of fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli isolates from dogs and cats

Isolate ID	Animal species	MIC(μg ml−1)a for		QRDRb					PMQRc	O-serotype	Phylogenetic group	MIC (μg ml−1)a for	β-Lactamase (β-lactamase gene)	PFGE typed
		Ciprofloxacin	Nalidixic acid	gyrA		parC		parE				Cefotaxime
				Ser83	Asp87	Ser80	Glu84	Ser458
51–1	Dog	2	>256	Leu83	－	－	－	－	qnrS, aac-(6′)-Ib-cr	UT	D	<1		9′
64–2	Dog	2	256	Leu83	－	－	－	－	qnrS, aac-(6′)-Ib-cr	UT	D	<1		9′′′
72–1	Cat	2	>256	Leu83	－	－	－	－	qnrS, aac-(6′)-Ib-cr	UT	D	<1		9′′′′
63–1	Dog	3	>256	Leu83	－	－	－	－	qnrS, aac-(6′)-Ib-cr	UT	D	<1		9′′
32–1	Dog	3	>256	Leu83	Asn87	Ile80	－	－		UT	A	4	AmpC (CMY-2)	6
26–1	Cat	4	>256	Leu83	Tyr87	Ile80	－	－		O157e	B1	<1		10
89–1	Cat	4	>256	Leu83	Asn87	Ile80	－	－		UT	B1	<1		13
37E-1	Cat	6	>256	Leu83	－	Ile80	－	－	qnrS, aac-(6′)-Ib-cr	UT	D	<1		9
24–1	Dog	6	>256	Leu83	Asn87	Ile80	－	－	aac-(6′)-Ib-cr	UT	D	32	ESBL (CTX-M-14)	16
28–1	Cat	6	>256	Leu83	Asn87	Ile80	－	－		UT	B1	<1		12
88–1	Cat	8	>256	Leu83	Asn87	Ile80	－	－		UT	B1	<1		5
107–1	Dog	8	>256	Leu83	Asn87	Ile80	－	－		UT	B1	<1		4
108–1	Dog	8	>256	Leu83	Asn87	Ile80	－	－		UT	B1	<1		4′
57E-1	Cat	12	>256	Leu83	Asn87	Ile80	－	－		UT	B1	<1		11
40–1	Cat	16	>256	Leu83	Asn87	Ile80	－	－		UT	B1	<1		12′
2E-1	Cat	16	>256	Leu83	Asn87	Ile80	－	－		UT	B2	<1		3
73–1	Cat	16	>256	Leu83	Asn87	Ile80	－	－		UT	B2	<1		3′
13–1	Dog	24	>256	Leu83	Asn87	Ile80	－	－	qnrB	O1	D	32	AmpC (DHA-1)	1
7–1	Cat	32	>256	Leu83	Tyr87	Ile80	－	Ala458	aac-(6′)-Ib-cr	UT	D	16	ESBL (CTX-M-14, TEM-1)	7
42–1	Dog	>32	>256	Leu83	Asn87	Ile80	－	Ala458		UT	D	<1		2
85–1	Cat	>32	>256	Leu83	Tyr87	Ile80	－	Ala458		UT	D	>32	nd r	8
76–1	Dog	>32	>256	Leu83	Asn87	Ile80	－	Ala458		UT	B1	<1		14
83–1	Dog	>32	>256	Leu83	Asn87	Ile80	－	Ala458		UT	B1	<1		14
86–1	Dog	>32	>256	Leu83	Asn87	Ile80	－	Ala458		UT	B1	<1		14
96–1	Dog	>32	>256	Leu83	Asn87	Ile80	－	Ala458		UT	B1	<1		14
97–1	Dog	>32	>256	Leu83	Asn87	Ile80	－	Ala458		UT	B1	<1		14
98–1	Dog	>32	>256	Leu83	Asn87	Ile80	－	Ala458		UT	B1	<1		14
105–1	Dog	>32	>256	Leu83	Asn87	Ile80	－	Ala458		UT	B1	<1		14
106–1	Dog	>32	>256	Leu83	Asn87	Ile80	－	Ala458		UT	B1	<1		14
70–1	Dog	>32	>256	Leu83	Asn87	Ile80	－	Ala458		UT	B1	<1		14′
104–1	Cat	>32	>256	Leu83	Asn87	Ile80	Gly84	－	aac-(6′)-Ib-cr	UT	D	16	ESBL (CTX-M-14, TEM-1)	15
87–1	Cat	>32	>256	Leu83	Asn87	Ile80	Val84	－	aac-(6′)-Ib-cr	O25	B2	>32	ESBL (CTX-M-27)	17

a, MICs for ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid and cefotaxim were confirmed with an E-test.

b, Mutation in gyrB was not found.

c, PMQR: qnrA [14], qnrB [14], qnrC [14], qnrD [16], qnrS [14], qepA [14], oqxA [15], oqxB [15] and aac(6')-Ib-cr [14] were tested.

d, Prime symbols (', '', ''', '''' indicate >80 % similarity between band patterns.

e, Negative for the shiga toxin gene.

f, β-Lactamase phenotype and β-lactamase genes were not detected.