Table 1.
Wound healing activities of mushrooms.
| Mushroom spp. | Family | Bioactive components | Properties/Mechanism of action | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agaricus bisporus | Agaricales | Lectin (0–100 mg/ml) | Dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation and lattice contraction in an in vitro model | (Batterbury et al., 2002) |
| Agaricus blazei | Agaricales | Polysaccharides | Impact on interleukin (IL)-1 expression in skin of burn wound-treated rats (50 and 100 mg/kg b. w.) | (Sui et al., 2010) |
| Agaricus sylvaticus | Agaricales | Crude extract (proteins, phenols, β-glucans, phenols, chlorogenic, caffeic, coumaric and benzoic acids) | Enhanced wound healing in Wistar rats (1 ml of gel at 10% Agaricus sylvaticus for 14 days). Phenols promoted the healing process | (Da Silva et al., 2018) |
| Auricularia auricula | Auriculariaceae | Polysaccharides extracts (0.1, 1 and 10 mg/ml) | Wound healing effect with 100 μg per wound for A. auricula (140.43%) in ex vivo porcine skin wound healing model | (Khamlue et al., 2012) |
| Acidic polysaccharides | Anticoagulant effects by improving catalysis of thrombin reticence by antithrombin and prevention of platelet aggregation | (Yoon et al., 2003) | ||
| Calvatia gigantean | Agaricaceae | Unspecified | Mushrooms consumption enhanced wound healing. Used for curing stomach upset and to cure stomach pains in woman during menstruation. | (Thangaraj et al., 2017) |
| Crinipellis schevczenkovi | Agaricales | Powdered mushrooms mycelium (100 mg) | Promoted wound healing and histology of healed wounds on the 5th day | (Krupodorova et al., 2015) |
| Daldinia concentrica | Hypoxylaceae | Crude extract (alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, terpenoids, and saponins) | Increased wound healing activity in albino Wistar rats by excision wound model | (Thangaraj et al., 2017) |
| Fomes fomentarius | Polyporaceae | Unspecified | Ash combined with oil on skin ailments exerted wound healing promotion | (Malik et al., 2017) |
| Ganoderma lucidum | Basidiomycetes | Polysaccharides-rich extract | Topical application with 10% w/w enhanced wound healing in STZ-induced diabetic rats | (Cheng et al., 2013) |
| Crude extract containing 5% v/v ethanol, absolute methanol and deionized water | Wound healing promotion. Primary and secondary triterpenes (0.156 mg/ml) from the methanol extract enhanced the healthy proliferation and migration of keratinocytes with no cytotoxic or aberrant morphological effects | (Montalbano, 2018) | ||
| Polysaccharide fractions (0.1, 0.5, or 1.0 g/kg daily; intragastrically, for 14 days) | Marked healing promotion on acetic acid-induced ulcers in rats | (Gao et al., 2004b) | ||
| Unspecified | Crude extract improved wound healing | (Dora and Hena, 2016) | ||
| Unspecified | Crude extract decreased gastric ulceration in rats | (Rony et al., 2011) | ||
| Immunomodulatory protein (Ling Zhi-8) | Accelerated wound healing in rat liver tissues after monopolar electrosurgery | (Lin et al., 2014) | ||
| Powdered mushrooms mycelium (100 mg) | Increased wound healing activities and the histology of healed wounds on the 3rd day | (Krupodorova et al., 2015) | ||
| Aqueous lyophilized extract | In experimental rats improved wound healing, enhanced healing activity, evidenced by an increase in wound contraction, collagen accumulation, hexosamine, and total protein contents | (Gupta et al., 2014) | ||
| Ganoderma praelongum | Basidiomycetes | Unspecified | Crude extract enhanced wound healing | (Ameri et al., 2013) |
| Hericium erinaceus | Aphyllophoromycetidea | β-glucan polysaccharides | Accelerated wound healing in rats | (Khan et al., 2013) |
| Unspecified | Crude extract (20, 30 and 40 mg/ml) accelerated wound healing enclosure in experimentally wounded male rats | (Abdulla et al., 2011) | ||
| Unspecified | Crude extract enhanced wound healing | (Sokół et al., 2016) | ||
| Lentinus edodes | Marasmiaceae | Polysaccharide | Increased serum antioxidant enzymes activities and decreased serum mucosal IL-2 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels in rats with oral ulceration. The protective action involve an oxidant mechanisms. | (Yu et al., 2009) |
| Lycoperdon echinatum | Agaricaceae | Unspecified | Crude extract enhanced wound healing | (Chang and Miles, 2004) |
| Lycoperdon pusilum | Agaricaceae | Unspecified | Crude extract enhanced wound healing | (Rai et al., 2005) |
| Phallus impudicus | Phallaceae | Unspecified | Mushroom consumption enhanced wound healing | (Malik et al., 2017) |
| Phellinus gilvus | Hymenochaetaceae | Polysaccharide | Increased dermal wound healing in STZ-induced diabetic rats by topical application twice a day for 5 days | (Bae et al., 2005a) |
| Pisolithus arhizus (Scop.) Rauschert | Sclerodermataceae | Unspecified | Crude extract enhanced wound healing | (Mohamed and Dix, 1988) |
| Pleurotus sapidus | Pleurotaceae | Unspecified | Crude extract enhanced wound healing | (Thimal and Kluthe, 1998) |
| Podaxis pistillaris | Agaricaceae | Unspecified | Mushrooms consumption enhanced wound healing | (Thangaraj et al., 2017) |
| Sparassis crispa | Sparassidaceae | Unspecified | Oral administration improved wound healing in mice with STZ-induced diabetes | (Yamamoto and Kimura, 2013) |
| β-glucan component | Wound healing promotion in STZ-induced diabetic rats | (Kwon et al., 2009) | ||
| Oral administration of Sparassis crispa (1,000 mg/kg b.w./day for 4 weeks) | Accelerated wound healing in rats with STZ-induced diabetes and effectively promoted wound healing in diabetic patients | (Kwon et al., 2009) | ||
| Termitomyces heimii | Lyophyllaceae | Unspecified | Crude extract enhanced wound healing | (Chandrawati and Narendra Kumar, 2014) |
| Termitomyces microcarpus | Lyophyllaceae | Fresh extract powder/paste of fruiting bodies | Increases wound healing | (Aryal and Budhathoki, 2015) |
| Unspecified | Crude extract enhanced wound healing | (Chandrawati and Narendra Kumar, 2014) | ||
| Unspecified | Mushrooms consumption enhanced wound healing | (Thangaraj et al., 2017) | ||
| Tremella fuciformis | Tremellaceae | Polysaccharides extracts (0.1, 1 and 10 mg/ml) | Wound healing promotion Wound healing effect with 1 μg per wound for T. fuciformis (125.38%) in ex vivo porcine skin wound healing model |
(Khamlue et al., 2012) |
| Russula delica | Russulaceae | Unspecified | Crude extract enhanced wound healing | (Turkoglu et al., 2007) |
| Scleroderma citrinum | Sclerodermataceae | Unspecified | Crude extract enhanced wound healing | (Wakefield, 1964) |