Table E1.
Baseline clinical characteristics of the study population and groups requiring vs not requiring IMV
| Characteristic | Study population (n = 146) | IMV |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Required (n = 44) | Not required (n = 102) | P value | ||
| Age (y) | 63 (54-71) | 63.5 (56.5-72) | 62 (54-71) | .517 |
| Sex: male | 97 (66) | 32 (73) | 65 (64) | .291 |
| Comorbidities (1 [0.68%]) | 100 (69) | 30 (68) | 70 (69) | .893 |
| Hypertension (1 [0.68%]) | 55 (38) | 20 (45) | 35 (35) | .218 |
| Obesity (1 [0.68%]) | 23 (16) | 11 (25) | 12 (12) | .047 |
| Diabetes mellitus (1 [0.68%]) | 26 (18) | 8 (18) | 18 (18) | .883 |
| COPD (1 [0.68%]) | 9 (6) | 5 (11) | 4 (4) | .089 |
| Immune-mediated disease∗ (1 [0.68%]) | 8 (6) | 3 (7) | 5 (5) | .702 |
| History of malignancy† (1 [0.68%]) | 19 (13) | 5 (11) | 14 (14) | .792 |
| Others‡ (1 [0.68%]) | 76 (52) | 25 (57) | 51 (52) | .558 |
| Duration of symptoms at admission (d) (1 [0.68%]) | 6 (4-7) | 5 (5-7) | 7 (4-8) | .265 |
| Fever at admission (≥38ºC) (15 [10%]) | 36 (27) | 14 (32) | 21 (25) | .389 |
| Baseline PaO2/FiO2 (5 [3%]) | 215 (112-310) | 125.5 (75-207) | 247 (172-348) | <.001 |
| Treatment during hospitalization | ||||
| Hydroxychloroquine (2 [1.35%]) | 137 (96) | 38 (86) | 99 (100) | <.001 |
| Lopinavir/Ritonavir (2 [1.35%]) | 119 (83) | 38 (86) | 81 (82) | .502 |
| Azithromycin (2 [1.35%]) | 82 (57) | 24 (55) | 58 (59) | .652 |
| IFN-β (2 [1.35%]) | 7 (5) | 3 (7) | 4 (4) | .676 |
| Glucocorticoids (2 [1.35%]) | 85 (59) | 27 (61) | 58 (59) | .755 |
| Methylprednisolone bolus (1 [0.68%]) | 61 (42) | 21 (48) | 40 (40) | .414 |
| Laboratory findings | ||||
| White blood cell count (103/mm3) (9 [6%]) | 7.64 (5.25-10.68) | 9.39 (6.59-13.31) | 6.93 (5.13-8.78) | <.001 |
| Lymphocyte count (103/mm3) (10 [6.76%]) | 0.83 (0.60-11.7) | 0.74 (0.58-1.08) | 0.87 (0.62-1.26) | .029 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) (7 [4.73%]) | 0.86 (0.70-1.10) | 0.99 (0.71-1.20) | 0.85 (0.72-1.1) | .398 |
| Bilirubin (mg/dL) (9 [6.08%]) | 0.55 (0.41-0.87) | 0.62 (0.44-1.15) | 0.53 (0.39-0.78) | .057 |
| AST (U/L) (9 [6.08%]) | 41 (28-64) | 43 (30-60) | 39 (27-70) | .526 |
| ALT (U/L) (9 [6.08%]) | 37 (24-68) | 30 (22-63) | 39 (24-71) | .287 |
| GGT (U/L) (26 [17.57%]) | 73 (36-159) | 81.5 (41-152) | 67 (36-159) | .623 |
| LDH (U/L) (14 [9.46%]) | 341 (256-461) | 413 (315-496) | 302 (224-443) | .001 |
| CK (U/L) (102 [69%]) | 72 (48-155) | 67 (39.50-167.50) | 94 (59-140) | .617 |
| Serum IL-6 (pg/mL) (7 [4.73%]) | 21.36 (7.53-54.21) | 49.20 (17.28-103.57) | 16.08 (6.09-42.03) | <.001 |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) (96 [64.86%]) | 1598 (830-2305) | 1665 (602-2765) | 1573 (1012-2300) | .832 |
| CRP (mg/dL) (23 [15.54%]) | 11.55 (5.16-22.53) | 17.09 (7.69-28.98) | 10.13 (4.83-18.48) | .003 |
| PCT (ng/mL) (52 [35.14%]) | 0.15 (0.10-0.35) | 0.29 (0.14-0.46) | 0.13 (0.08-0.26) | .001 |
| D-dimer (mg/mL) (25 [16.89%]) | 0.75 (0.48-1.48) | 0.92 (0.56-2.31) | 0.71 (0.48-1.19) | .058 |
| Radiologic findings (1 [0.68%]) | .209 | |||
| Clear | 11 (8) | 4 (9) | 8 (7) | |
| Diffuse ground glass opacities | 50 (35) | 13 (30) | 37 (37) | |
| Unilateral alveolar pattern | 20 (14) | 3 (7) | 17 (17) | |
| Bilateral alveolar pattern | 63 (43) | 24 (55) | 37 (37) | |
ALT, Alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; CK, creatine kinase; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; PCT, procalcitonin.
All categorical variables are expressed as number (%) and quantitative variables as median (p25-p75). Missing data in each clinical characteristic are expressed as (number [%]). Variables not disclosing it do not present any missing values.
∗
Includes rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ulcerative colitis, etc.
†
Includes solid organ and hematologic malignancies.
‡
Includes obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, asthma, hypothyroidism, ischemic cardiomyopathy, etc.