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. 2020 Sep 30;191:104273. doi: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104273

Table 2.

Distribution of replacement rates robustness.

Percentile
25th 50th 75th Share over 1
Main estimate 103% (1.7) 145% (1.6) 195% (3.1) 76% (0.7)
Comprehensive replacement rate
 Include non-wage compensation 85% (0.9) 125% (1.2) 184% (2.5) 65% (0.7)
 Account for payroll tax 111% (1.8) 157% (1.7) 211% (3.4) 80% (0.6)
 Account for payroll tax and include non-wage compensation 91% (1.0) 134% (1.3) 200% (2.7) 69% (0.7)
Statutory replacement rate
 Include self-employment income 102% (1.6) 144% (1.5) 195% (3.1) 76% (0.7)
 Drop tipped occupations 94% (1.4) 135% (1.4) 177% (1.8) 72% (0.8)
 Include PUA recipients 105% (1.7) 149% (1.6) 202% (3.1) 77% (0.7)

This table shows how the distribution of replacement rates changes under alternative assumptions. The top row shows our main estimate of statutory replacement rates. Standard errors in percentage points are in parentheses. For example, the median replacement rate is 145% with a standard error of 1.4 percentage points. The first three rows of robustness checks show the effects of incorporating non-wage compensation and payroll tax. The third row is our preferred comprehensive measure of replacement rates. The fourth row drops tipped workers, for whom the CPS may understate earnings, thereby leading to an over-estimate of replacement rates. The fifth row includes PUA recipients. The sixth row includes self-employment income in the measure of earnings.