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. 2020 Sep 29;10:16017. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-72457-x

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Schematic of RIFTS measurement. Surface modification box: (a) the penetration of analyte molecules in pores or change the surface chemistry during surface modification process which alters EOT, (b) reflection spectra from PSi in each step in part a and (c) the FFT intensity extracted from the spectra in part (b). Biosensing box: (a) biosensing monitoring of bacterial suspension by a handmade fluidic system, (b) reflection spectra from PSi in two steps in part (a); (c) the FFT intensity extracted from the spectra in part (b); (d) Real-Time monitoring of biosensor response extracted from part c during the initial washing, bacterial expose and final washing steps.