Table 2.
Regression coefficients of model-based clustering of DSST change
| DSST | Effects | Cluster 2 | Cluster 8 | Cluster 6 | Cluster 5 | |
| RCC1 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.19 | ||
| Age (C)2 | − 0.65 (− 0.72; − 0.60) | − 0.67 (− 0.70; − 0.64) | − 0.66 (− 0.68; − 0.63) | − 0.73 (− 0.80; − 0.68) | ||
| Age (L)3 | − 0.58 (− 0.71; − 0.46) | − 0.48 (− 0.55; − 0.42) | − 0.49 (− 0.56; − 0.42) | − 0.42 (− 0.58; − 0.26) | ||
| Sex (female) | 5.86 (4.62; 7.18) | 5.22 (4.49; 5.96) | 4.87 (4.15; 5.60) | 3.34 (1.92; 4.71) | ||
| Spouse | − 0.11 (− 1.42; 1.19) | − 0.55 (− 1.37; 0.28) | − 0.52 (− 1.38; 0.34) | 0.40 (− 1.06, 2.13) | ||
| Education (Y) | 1.67 (1.51, 1.84) | 1.43 (1.32; 1.55) | 1.30 (1.19; 1.42) | 1.26 (1.04; 1.46) | ||
| Logical memory (immediate recall) | Cluster 3 | Cluster 1 | Cluster 4 | Cluster 2 | ||
| RCC1 | 0.18 (0.17) | 0.20 (0.2) | 0.36 (0.54) | 0.48 (0.44) | ||
| Age (C)2 | − 0.10 (− 0.12; − 0.07) | − 0.13 (− 0.14; − 0.11) | − 0.15 (− 0.16; − 0.14) | − 0.14 (− 0.16; − 0.11) | ||
| Age (L)3 | 0.17 (0.10; 0.24) | 0.05 (0.001; 0.09) | 0.14 (0.09; 0.18) | − 0.04 (− 0.16; 0.05) | ||
| Sex (female) | 0.48 (− 0.08; 1.00) | 1.01 (0.65; 1.35) | 0.71 (0.37; 1.03) | 0.69 (0.07; 1.02) | ||
| Spouse | 0.76 (0.15; 1.42) | 0.16 (− 0.25; 0.59) | 0.20 (− 0.18; 0.57) | − 0.80 (− 1.60; 0.005) | ||
| Education (Y) | 0.13 (0.06; 0.20) | 0.29 (0.16; 0.38) | 0.30 (0.25; 0.35) | 0.28 (0.16; 0.39) | ||
| Logical memory (delayed recall) | Cluster 5 | Cluster 1 | Cluster 3 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 4 | |
| RCC1 | 0.18 (0.16) | 0.27 (0.3) | 0.46 (0.61) | 0.52 (0.29) | 0.8 (1.06) | |
| Age (C)2 | − 0.12 (− 0.14; − 0.10) | − 0.14 (− 0.16; − 0.11) | − 0.19 (− 0.21; − 0.17) | − 0.21 (− 0.29; 0.5) | − 0.12 (− 0.14; − 0.09) | |
| Age (L)3 | 0.11 (0.05; 0.17) | 0.10 (0.05; 0.15) | 0.08 (− 0.03; 0.15) | − 0.86 (− 1.31; − 0.48) | 0.00 (− 0.10; 0.09) | |
| Sex (female) | 0.67 (0.64; 1.12) | 1.11 (0.7; 1.67) | 0.93 (0.48; 1.34) | 0.24 (− 1.65; 2.1) | 0.57 (− 0.07; 1.20) | |
| Spouse | 0.31 (− 0.23; 0.87) | 0.44 (− 0.14; 0.91) | 0.06 (− 0.42; 0.58) | − 0.38 (− 2.47; 1.87) | − 0.69 (− 1.44; 0.10) | |
| Education (Y) | 0.15 (0.08; 0.21) | 0.35 (0.28; 0.47) | 0.25 (0.17; 0.31) | 0.25 (0.00; 0.55) | 0.20 (0.10; 0.31) | |
| Animal fluency | Cluster 4 | Cluster 8 | Cluster 3 | Cluster 7 | ||
| RCC1 | 0.15 (0.13) | 0.19 (0.17) | 0.22 (0.19) | 0.32 (0.34) | ||
| Age (C)2 | − 0.30 (− 0.33; − 0.27) | − 0.24 (− 0.26; − 0.22) | − 0.24 (− 0.26; − 0.22) | − 0.13 (− 0.18; − 0.06) | ||
| Age (L)3 | − 0.05 (− 0.14; 0.03) | 0.00 (− 0.05; 0.05) | − 0.06 (− 0.11; − 0.00) | − 0.15 (− 0.36; 0.05) | ||
| Sex (female) | − 0.24 (− 0.94; 0.42) | − 0.10 (− 0.52; 0.34) | 0.04 (− 0.43; 0.48) | − 0.37 (− 1.78; 1.14) | ||
| Spouse | 0.50 (− 0.29; 1.37) | − 4.11 (− 5.10; − 3.20) | 5.54 (4.46; 6.25) | − 0.38 (− 2.08; 1.26) | ||
| Education (Y) | 0.29 (0.19; 0.38) | 0.31 (0.23; 0.38) | 0.22 (0.14; 0.29) | 0.38 (0.15; 0.61) | ||
| Digits Backward | Cluster 7 | Cluster 3 | Cluster 1 | Cluster 5 | ||
| RCC1 | 0.15 (0.12) | 0.23 (0.22) | 0.29 (0.13) | 0.31 (0.32) | ||
| Age (C)2 | − 0.03 (− 0.04; 0.00) | − 0.03 (− 0.03; − 0.02) | − 0.06 (− 0.09; − 0.03) | − 0.03 (− 0.31; − 0.21) | ||
| Age (L)3 | − 0.13 (− 0.20; − 0.02) | 0.04 (0.01; − 0.07) | − 0.20 (− 0.35; − 0.06) | − 0.02 (− 0.04; 0.00) | ||
| Sex (female) | 0.25 (− 0.21; 0.85) | 0.08 (− 0.12; 0.28) | 0.27 (− 0.44; 0.94) | 0.11 (− 0.02; 0.25) | ||
| Spouse | − 0.05 (− 0.52; 0.59) | − 0.42 (− 0.68; 0.00) | − 0.25 (− 3.13; 0.69) | 0.01 (− 0.25; 0.20) | ||
| Education (Y) | 0.22 (0.10; 0.28) | 0.20 (0.16; 0.24) | 0.29 (0.23; 0.37) | 0.11 (0.08; 0.13) | ||
| Digits Forward | Cluster 1 | Cluster 4 | Cluster 3 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 5 | |
| RCC1 | 0.1 (0.09) | 0.21 (0.13) | 0.16 (0.15) | 0.21 (0.15) | 0.28 (0.21) | |
| Age (C)2 | − 0.02 (− 0.03; − 0.01) | − 0.03 (− 0.04; − 0.01) | 0.01 (− 2.8; 3.3) | − 0.02 (− 0.03; − 0.01) | − 0.02 (− 0.03; − 0.01) | |
| Age (L)3 | − 0.06 (− 0.08; − 0.03) | − 0.20 (− 0.28; − 0.12) | 0.03 (− 2.97; 3.60) | − 0.15 (− 0.17; − 0.12) | − 0.11 (− 0.13; − 0.07) | |
| Sex (female) | 0.00 (− 0.18; 0.20) | − 0.26 (− 0.49; − 0.01) | − 0.07 (− 3.15; 3.30) | 0.06 (− 0.12; 0.24) | 0.04 (− 0.17; 0.26) | |
| Spouse | − 0.11 (− 0.33; 0.13) | − 0.59 (− 1.15; − 0.21) | 0.24 (− 3.58; 2.92) | − 0.46 (− 0.70; − 0.24) | 0.00 (− 0.3; − 0.30) | |
| Education (Y) | 0.15 (0.12; 0.19) | 0.25 (− 0.21; 0.29) | 0.25 (− 2.76; 3.45) | 0.19 (0.16; 0.22) | 0.10 (− 0.15; 0.18) |
1RCC = relative cognitive change abs (mean test at visit 2- mean test at visit 1)/mean test at visit 1
2Regression coefficient and 95% credible interval for age at visit 1 (cross-sectional effect)
3Regression coefficient and 95% credible interval for time after visit 1 (longitudinal effect)
Clusters are sorted from slowest to fastest changers based on the RCC. For comparison, the column mixed-effect reports the estimate of the regression coefficients from the mixed-effect model