Table 1.
Patients information and rTMS parameters
SCI patients | rTMS parameters | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Target function/symptoms | Number of patients | Age (years) | Level | ASIA scale | C/I | Time after SCI (years) | Etiology | Site within M1 | Frequency (Hz) | Number of pulses | Intensity | Number of sessions |
Sensory and motor function | ||||||||||||
Belci et al., 2004 | 4 | 43.8±13.2 | C5 | D | I | 1.3–8 | NR | Hand | 10 | 720 (2 p/10 s) | 90% RMT (Hand) | 5 |
Kuppuswamy et al., 2011 | 15 | 39.7±9.8 | C2-T3 | A-D | C,I | 10.3±6.9 | T,NT | Hand/Arm | 5 | 900 (10 p/10 s) | 80% AMT (Hand/Arm) | 5 |
Benito et al., 2012 | 17 | 37.3±14.1 | C4-T12 | D | I | 0.6±0.3 | T,NT | Leg | 20 | 1800 (40 p/30 s) | 90% RMT (Upper limb) | 15 |
Spasticity | ||||||||||||
Kumru et al., 2010 | 15 | 36.2±15.8 | C5-T12 | C,D | I | 0.6±0.3 | T,NT | Leg | 20 | 1600 (40 p/30 s) | 90% RMT (BB) | 5 |
Benito et al., 2012 | 17 | 37.3±14.1 | C4-T12 | D | I | 0.6±0.3 | T,NT | Leg | 20 | 1800 (40 p/30 s) | 90% RMT (Upper limb) | 15 |
Neuropathic pain | ||||||||||||
André-Obadia et al., 2006 | 1 | 46 | Cervical | NR | NR | NR | NR | Hand | 1,20 | 1600 | 90% RMT (ADM) | 1 |
Defrin et al., 2007 | 11 | 54.6±6.6 | T4-T12 | NR | C,I | >1 | T | Leg | 5 | 500 (50 p/30 s) | 115% RMT (APB) | 10 |
Kang et al., 2009 | 11 | 54.8±13.7 | C6-T11 | A-D | C,I | 5.0±5.4 | NR | Hand | 10 | 1000 (50 p/60 s) | 80% RMT (FDI) | 5 |
Jetté et al., 2013 | 16 | 50.3±9.3 | C1-L4 | A,C,D | C,I | 7.8±8.3 | NR | Hand/Leg | 10 | 2000 (40 p/30 s) | M1 Hand; 90% RMT (FDI) | 1 |
M1 Leg; 110% RMT (FDI) | ||||||||||||
Yılmaz et al., 2013 | 16 | 38.6±6.5 | T4-L1 | A-D | C,I | >1 | NR | Leg | 10 | 1500 (30 p/30 s) | 110% RMT (FPB) | 10 |
ADM: abductor digiti minimi, AMT: active motor treshold, APB: abductor pollicis brevis, ASIA: American Spinal Injury Association, BB: biceps brachii, C/I: complete injury/incomplete injury, FDI: first dorsal interosseous, FPB: Flexor pollicis brevis, M1: primary motor cortex, NR: not reported, NT: nontrauma, RMT: resting motor threshold, rTMS: repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, SCI: spinal cord injury, T: trauma