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. 2020 Sep 29;20:1462. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09546-z

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — Plots of casual mediation analysis of mood for chronic pain (a), chronic widespread pain (b) and severe chronic pain (c). Notes: ACME = Average Causal Mediation Effect, or the indirect effect, ADE = Average Direct Effect, or the direct effect, Total Effect = the total effect. The upper and lower confidence intervals based upon the quantiles of the bootstrapped distribution