Table 3.
Clinical presentation of acute myocardial infarction in the population with and without schizophrenia
| Schizophrenia (n=1008) |
Without schizophrenia (n=285 325) |
Total (n=286 333) |
Missing n (%) | P value | |
| Systolic blood pressure mm Hg mean (SD) | 137.5 (30.9) | 146.3 (30.0) | 146.2 (30.0) | 68 244 (23.8) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure mm Hg mean (SD) | 82.3 (19.1) | 83.6 (21.6) | 83.6 (21.6) | 75 050 (26.2) | 0.103 |
| Heart rate bpm mean (SD) | 88.5 (23.0) | 81.7 (23.4) | 81.8 (23.4) | 68 234 (23.8) | <0.001 |
| Presenting symptoms, n (%) | 15 216 (5.3) | <0.001 | |||
| Chest pain | 684 (67.9) | 224 910 (78.8) | 225 594 (78.8) | ||
| Dyspnoea | 109 (10.8) | 17 420 (6.1) | 17 529 (6.1) | ||
| Cardiac arrest | 20 (2.0) | 3638 (1.3) | 3658 (1.3) | ||
| Other | 195 (19.3) | 39 357 (13.8) | 39 552 (13.8) | ||
| Infarct type, n (%) | 3734 (1.3) | 0.665 | |||
| STEMI | 343 (34.0) | 95 833 (33.6) | 96 176 (33.6) | ||
| NSTEMI | 655 (65.0) | 185 768 (65.1) | 186 423 (65.1) | ||
| ECG: rhythm, n (%) | 3737 (1.3) | <0.001 | |||
| Sinus | 896 (88.9) | 238 996 (83.8) | 239 892 (83.8) | ||
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 72 (7.1) | 32 865 (11.5) | 32 937 (11.5) | ||
| Other | 40 (4.0) | 13 464 (4.7) | 13 504 (4.72) | ||
| ECG: QRS, n (%) | 46 187 (16.1) | <0.001 | |||
| Normal | 534 (53.0) | 169 196 (59.3) | 169 730 (59.3) | ||
| Pacemaker | 10 (1.0) | 4002 (1.4) | 2013 (1.4) | ||
| LBBB | 68 (6.8) | 18 783 (6.6) | 18 851 (6.6) | ||
| RBBB | 47 (4.7) | 10 391 (3.6) | 10 438 (3.7) | ||
| Pathological Q-wave | 185 (18.4) | 36 920 (13.0) | 37 115 (13.0) | ||
| Other | 163 (16.27) | 46 023 (16.1) | 46 187 (16.1) | ||
| Left ventricular function, n (%) | 104 452 (36.5) | <0.001 | |||
| Normal ≥50% | 257 (25.5) | 98 864 (34.7) | 99 121 (34.6) | ||
| Slightly decreased 40%–49% | 160 (15.9) | 42 118 (14.8) | 42 278 (14.8) | ||
| Moderately decreased 30%–39% | 127 (12.6) | 26 530 (9.3) | 26 657 (9.3) | ||
| Severely decreased <30% | 97 (9.6) | 13 728 (4.8) | 13 825 (4.8) | ||
| CAG, n (%) | 573 (58.9) | 180 790 (63.4) | 181 363 (63.4) | 0 | <0.001 |
| PCI, n (%) | 447 (44.5) | 141 471 (49.6) | 141 918 (49.6) | 0 | <0.001 |
| CABG, n (%) | 24 (2.4) | 10 206 (3.6) | 10 230 (3.6) | 0 | 0.041 |
| Angiographic findings, n (%) | 0 | ||||
| Non-conclusive | 509 (50.5) | 132 599 (46.5) | 133 108 (46.5) | ||
| Normal/atheromatosis | 36 (3.6) | 12 330 (4.3) | 12 366 (4.3) | ||
| 1-vessel, non-LM | 212 (21.0) | 62 125 (21.8) | 62 337 (21.8) | ||
| 2-vessel, non-LM | 117 (11.6) | 37 811 (13.3) | 37 928 (13.3) | ||
| 3-vessel, non-LM | 103 (10.2) | 29 333 (10.3) | 29 436 (10.3) | ||
| LMD | 31 (3.1) | 11 127 (3.9) | 11 158 (3.9) | 0.273 | |
| Length of hospital stay, median days (25th–75th percentiles) |
5 (3–7) | 4 (3–7) | 4 (3–7) | 0 | 0.008 |
| Patient delay*, median days (25th–75th percentiles) |
3.6 (1.5–8.0) | 3.3 (1.5–7.0) | 3.3 (1.5–7.0) | 200 319 (70.0) | 0.131 |
| System delay†, median days (25th–75th percentiles) |
0 | 0.988 | |||
| STEMI | 3.1 (2.1–5.3) | 3.1 (2.1–4.8) | 3.1 (2.1–4.8) | ||
| NSTEMI | 25.5 (6.1–48.9) | 25.9 (7.9–47.0) | 25.9 (7.9–47.0) |
*Patient delay was measured as the time from symptom onset to ECG measurement.
†System delay was measured from ECG measurement to PCI.
CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CAG, coronary angiography; CRP, C reactive protein; LBBB, left bundle branch block; LM, left main; LMD, left main disease; NSTEMI, non-ST elevated; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; RBBB, right bundle branch block; STEMI, ST-elevated myocardial infarction.