Table 3.
Presence of RIAS-coded utterances in the two participant groups, divided into visits with or without the intent of a medical procedure
| Older persons N [Mean] (SD) |
Registered nurses N [Mean] (SD) |
Examples of RIAS utterances | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medical procedure | Non-medical procedure | Medical procedure | Non-medical procedure | ||
| Socio-emotional (65%) | |||||
| Personal or social talk (14%) | 232 [14.50] (17.63) | 538 [15.82] (26.70) | 205 [12.81] (12.48) | 469 [13.79] (14.86) | The wedding picture was in today’s newspaper, did you see it? |
| Emotional talk (concern; empathy; legitimize; reassure; ask for reassurance; Self-disclosurea; partnershipa) (6%) | 61 [3.81] (4.32) | 128 [3.76] (5.18) | 145 [9.06] (9.11) | 233 [6.85] (7.74) | I understand, if something feels wrong it affects all of you. |
| Positive talk (laugh; approve; compliment; agree) (20%) | 371 [23.19] (17.58) | 752 [22.12] (25.61) | 287 [17.94] (13.96) | 601 [17.68] (18.76) | I really enjoy listening to you! |
| Negative talk (Disagree; Criticism) (2%) | 45 [2.81] (3.21) | 97 [2.85] (4.55) | 19 [1.19] (1.83) | 36 [1.06] (1.91) | I don’t like her! |
| Back-channel (23%) | 160 [10.00] (7.48) | 432 [12.71] (10.44) | 467 [29.19] (26.14) | 1235 [36.32] (42.47) | Mmm, ok |
| Task-focused (35%) | |||||
| Procedural (transition words; orientation/instruction) (4%) | 60 [3.75] (3.82) | 84 [2.47] (3.33) | 148 [9.25] (6.27) | 157 [4.62] (3.81) | Now we will check your blood pressure |
| Checks (checks for understanding; ask for understanding; bid for repetition; ask permissiona; ask opiniona) (3%) | 51 [3.19] (2.61) | 52 [1.53] (1.73) | 42 [2.63] (3.95) | 141 [4.15] (5.37) | Is that so? |
| Medical questions (all questions: medical, therapeutic, other) (4%) | 32 [2.00] (1.63) | 84 [2.47] (2.60) | 91 [5.69] (3.40) | 187 [5.50] (7.05) | Do you take stronger painkillers now? |
| Psychosocial questions (all questions: lifestyle, psychosocial) (1%) | 2 [0.13] (0.34) | 5 [0.15] (0.44) | 31 [1.94] (2.18) | 77 [2.26] (3.51) | Have you been walking outside lately? |
| Medical information (all medical, therapeutic, other information; consultation medical/therapeutica) (17%) | 261 [16.31] (12.00) | 675 [19.85] (22.44) | 265 [16.56] (9.66) | 473 [13.91] (11.76) | Those pills risk making you constipated. |
| Psychosocial information (all psychosocial, lifestyle information; consultation psychosocial/lifestylea) (6%) | 127 [7.94] (7.60) | 371 [10.91] (14.25) | 18 [1.13] (1.36) | 76 [2.24] (2.36) | I have to eat, if I do not want to lose more weight. |
| Request for service or medicationb (−) | 0 [0.00] (0.00) | 5 [0.15] (0.44) | Can you pass this on to the doctor when you see her? | ||
aProvider category only
bPatient category only