Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Prosthet Orthot. 2020 Oct;32(4):258–271. doi: 10.1097/jpo.0000000000000280

Table 3.

Loading boundaries including minimum (Min) and maximum (Max) magnitude of forces (F) expressed in %BW and N, and moments (M) expressed in %BWm and Nm, on the anteroposterior (AP), mediolateral (ML), and long (LG) axes of the implant fitted with usual (USU) and Free-Flow (FFF) feet during activities of daily living.

Level walking Ascending ramp Descending ramp Ascending stairs Descending stairs
Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max
USU
F AP (%BW) −16 39 −12 40 −20 48 −15 42 −17 33
F ML (%BW) −8 14 −4 12 −6 12 −5 15 −9 17
F LG (%BW) −12 111 −11 110 −22 109 −21 106 −11 112
M AP (%BWm) −1.91 0.80 −1.51 0.78 −2.20 0.45 −0.84 1.39 −1.53 0.68
M ML (%BWm) −3.01 9.78 −0.73 13.17 −4.25 5.23 −0.70 10.46 −2.36 8.03
M LG (%BWm) −0.80 0.82 −0.63 0.87 −0.66 0.52 −1.01 0.89 −0.76 1.18
F AP (N) −107.75 344.96 −66.42 425.92 −214.58 383.37 −84.77 450.96 −96.25 311.56
F ML (N) −63.93 152.15 −32.19 128.35 −46.99 133.76 −38.89 162.73 −74.84 179.10
F LG (N) −96.08 1,129.25 −60.73 1,109.52 −175.22 1,170.03 −118.59 1,133.99 −60.35 1,070.45
M AP (Nm) −19.60 8.56 −8.54 8.37 −23.54 4.79 −6.76 9.55 −9.01 7.30
M ML (Nm) −26.23 104.64 −7.85 140.95 −45.49 42.68 −5.53 111.94 −13.37 85.95
M LG (Nm) −8.52 8.75 −5.01 9.33 −7.01 4.26 −8.13 9.50 −6.10 12.59
FFF
F AP (%BW) −13 41 −10 48 −15 48 −14 39 −11 39
F ML (%BW) −8 14 −4 14 −6 14 −5 13 −9 16
F LG (%BW) −24 107 −6 109 −22 110 −3 107 −13 107
M AP (%BWm) −1.77 1.11 −2.05 0.46 −1.89 0.34 −1.14 1.31 −1.47 1.38
M ML (%BWm) −3.23 8.22 −0.81 12.02 −3.72 5.23 −0.72 7.59 −1.23 6.49
M LG (%BWm) −0.54 0.69 −0.55 1.08 −0.55 0.62 −0.75 1.19 −0.97 0.90
F AP (N) −80.06 329.36 −54.04 386.60 −137.04 383.37 −80.55 312.89 −64.72 314.31
F ML (N) −66.25 152.52 −34.75 148.01 −46.99 150.37 −36.75 143.76 −71.68 169.28
F LG (N) −251.75 1,091.39 −59.06 1,103.56 −175.22 1,178.84 −28.02 1,141.42 −107.35 1,074.47
M AP (Nm) −15.92 8.91 −11.63 4.75 −20.19 3.53 −8.37 10.49 −15.72 11.01
M ML (Nm) −25.82 72.23 −6.46 102.87 −38.48 52.78 −4.39 81.29 −9.42 67.35
M LG (Nm) −5.83 5.86 −4.37 11.56 −5.86 6.69 −7.32 9.54 −7.76 9.67
Difference
F AP (%BW) 3 2 2 9 5 0 1 −3 6 6
F ML (%BW) 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 −2 0 −1
F LG (%BW) −12 −4 4 −1 0 1 17 1 −3 −5
M AP (%BWm) 0.15 0.31 −0.54 −0.32 0.31 −0.11 −0.29 −0.08 0.06 0.70
M ML (%BWm) −0.22 −1.55 −0.07 −1.15 0.53 0.00 −0.03 −2.86 1.13 −1.53
M LG (%BWm) 0.25 −0.13 0.08 0.21 0.11 0.10 0.26 0.30 −0.21 −0.27
F AP (N) 27.69 −15.60 12.39 −39.32 77.55 0.00 4.22 −138.07 31.53 2.75
F ML (N) −2.32 0.37 −2.56 19.66 0.00 16.61 2.14 −18.97 3.15 −9.82
F LG (N) −155.67 −37.86 1.67 −5.95 0.00 8.81 90.57 7.43 −46.99 4.02
M AP (Nm) 3.68 0.34 −3.09 −3.62 3.35 −1.26 −1.62 0.94 −6.71 3.71
M ML (Nm) 0.41 −32.41 1.39 −38.08 7.00 10.09 1.15 −30.65 3.95 −18.60
M LG (Nm) 2.69 −2.89 0.65 2.23 1.15 2.43 0.82 0.04 −1.66 −2.92