Figure 4. Association of PC3 and PC5 with A/T/N/V biomarkers for Alzheimer disease in the APOE ε4 carrier group.

A series of 14 separate post hoc linear regressions were used to assess the association of 7 amyloid, tau, neurodegeneration, and cerebrovascular disease (A/T/N/V) biomarkers with principal component (PC) 3 and PC5 in APOE ε4 carriers. Bonferroni adjustment was used to correct for the 14 association analyses between PC3, PC5, and 7 A/T/N/V endophenotypes. Covariates included age, sex, body mass index, total triglycerides, and APOE ε4 carrier status for all A/T/N/V phenotypes. For MRI biomarkers, we also included years of education and intracranial volume as additional covariates. The y-axis colors represent standardized β values from the linear regression analysis, with shades of red indicating a positive standardized β value and gray scale indicating a negative standardized β value. Aβ = β-amyloid_1-42 peptide; FDG global cortex = cortical glucose standardized uptake value ratio measured from [¹⁸F]fluorodeoxyglucose-PET scans; p-tau = tau phosphorylated at threonine 181; t-tau = total tau; WMHI = white matter hyperintensity total volume. #p = 0.0537, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.