Table 1. Selected baseline characteristics for new initiators of study augmentation regimens.
| Initial Study Cohort N = 44,301 | Analytic Cohorta N = 39,582 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Newer Antipsychotic n = 25,172 | Antidepressant n = 19,129 | Newer Antipsychotic n = 22,410 | Antidepressant n = 17,172 | |||
| % | % | Std. Dif. | % | % | Std. Dif. | |
| Female sex | 76.0 | 80.7 | .114 | 78.5 | 78.5 | .002 |
| Age, years (mean) | 44.2 | 44.4 | .022 | 44.4 | 44.5 | .013 |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 70.3 | 68.9 | .030 | 69.2 | 68.9 | .007 |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 9.1 | 8.1 | .038 | 8.7 | 8.8 | .001 |
| Hispanic | 9.8 | 10.7 | .029 | 10.5 | 10.6 | .003 |
| Other | 10.8 | 12.4 | .048 | 11.6 | 11.8 | .007 |
| Medicaid Eligibility | ||||||
| Disability | 67.6 | 59.4 | .170 | 63.6 | 64.0 | .009 |
| Low income | 20.9 | 26.4 | .132 | 23.5 | 23.1 | .009 |
| Other/unknown | 11.6 | 14.2 | .077 | 12.9 | 12.9 | .001 |
| Diagnostic History, past 180 days | ||||||
| Anxiety | 26.8 | 23.3 | .079 | 25.2 | 25.3 | .005 |
| Substance use disorder | 7.8 | 6.2 | .066 | 6.8 | 6.7 | .004 |
| Diabetes | 14.2 | 13.3 | .025 | 13.8 | 13.7 | .001 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 14.7 | 15.5 | .022 | 15.2 | 15.2 | .003 |
| Anemia | 5.2 | 4.9 | .014 | 5.1 | 5.1 | .003 |
| Hypertension | 23.0 | 23.7 | .017 | 23.3 | 23.4 | .001 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 4.8 | 4.8 | .000 | 4.9 | 4.8 | .002 |
| Cardiac dysrhythmias | 2.8 | 2.5 | .017 | 2.7 | 2.6 | .004 |
| Heart failure | 2.0 | 1.7 | .020 | 1.9 | 1.9 | .001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 3.2 | 2.5 | .042 | 2.8 | 2.7 | .005 |
| Medication History, past 180 days | ||||||
| Psychotropic medication | 79.4 | 70.3 | .210 | 76.8 | 77.0 | .004 |
| Mood Stabilizer | 36.9 | 25.0 | .261 | 30.7 | 30.7 | .001 |
| Anxiolytic/hypnotics | 67.1 | 60.7 | .132 | 65.5 | 65.8 | .006 |
| Metabolic and related medication | 30.1 | 28.2 | .042 | 29.3 | 29.6 | .007 |
| Cardiovascular medication | 40.1 | 39.8 | .006 | 40.2 | 40.2 | .002 |
| Respiratory/allergy medication | 54.1 | 52.1 | .040 | 53.2 | 53.5 | .006 |
| Antibiotics | 52.0 | 50.7 | .026 | 51.2 | 51.4 | .004 |
| Diabetic medication | 13.4 | 12.5 | .024 | 13.1 | 13.1 | .000 |
| Hyperlipidemia medication | 23.2 | 22.0 | .029 | 22.9 | 23.2 | .007 |
| Acute services, past 180 days | ||||||
| Non-MH hospitalization | 8.5 | 7.2 | .047 | 7.9 | 7.5 | .016 |
| MH hospital admission | 5.3 | 2.9 | .121 | 3.3 | 3.3 | .000 |
| OP visits for depression (mean) | 10.1 | 8.0 | .148 | 8.5 | 8.4 | .011 |
| Non-MH outpatient visits (mean) | 16.3 | 14.4 | .104 | 14.8 | 14.8 | .000 |
| MH outpatient visits (mean) | 13.9 | 10.1 | .199 | 10.5 | 10.3 | .014 |
aAfter propensity score trimming and inverse probability of treatment (IPT) weighting; Newer Antipsychotic denotes the cohort initiating augmentation treatment with a newer antipsychotic; Antidepressant denotes the cohort initiating augmentation treatment with a second antidepressant medication; Std. Dif., standardized difference