Table 1.
Weighted prevalence (95% CI) of selected characteristics among adults by type of functional disability and disability status (n = 451,301; N = 234,655,172), BRFSS, 2016.
| Characteristic | Type of functional disability | Disability status | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hearing only (n = 17,660) | Vision only (n = 6,116) | Cognition only (n = 15,508) | Mobility only (n = 30,765) | Self-care only (n = 847) | Independent living only (n = 3,035) | >1 Type (n = 58,932) | Anya (n = 132,863) | None (n = 318,438) | |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Men | 66.4 (64.9–67.9) | 49.4 (46.6–52.2) | 46.6 (45.0–48.1) | 40.1 (38.8–41.3) | 59.0 (52.3–65.4) | 36.9 (33.5–40.5) | 43.3 (42.4–44.2) | 45.9 (45.3–46.4) | 50.4 (50.1–50.8) |
| Women | 33.6 (32.1–35.1) | 50.6 (47.8–53.4) | 53.4 (51.9–55.0) | 59.9 (58.7–61.2) | 41.0 (34.6–47.7) | 63.1 (59.5–66.5) | 56.7 (55.8–57.6) | 54.1 (53.6–54.7) | 49.6 (49.2–49.9) |
| Age group, y | |||||||||
| 18–24 | 3.5 (2.8–4.2) | 11.8 (9.9–14.0) | 24.1 (22.6–25.6) | 1.8 (1.4–2.2) | _b | 16.2 (13.4–19.4) | 5.1 (4.6–5.6) | 8.1 (7.7–8.5) | 14.0 (13.8–14.3) |
| 25–34 | 5.6 (4.9–6.5) | 15.5 (13.3–17.9) | 22.6 (21.3–23.9) | 4.4 (3.9–5.1) | 8.1 (4.9–13.0)c | 20.5 (17.5–23.9) | 8.3 (7.7–8.8) | 10.4 (10.0–10.8) | 19.2 (19.0–19.5) |
| 35–44 | 6.9 (5.9–8.0) | 13.2 (11.4–15.3) | 17.0 (15.9–18.2) | 7.6 (6.8–8.4) | 11.9 (7.8–17.6)c | 16.0 (13.6–18.8) | 11.0 (10.4–11.6) | 11.1 (10.8–11.5) | 18.1 (17.8–18.4) |
| 45–64 | 31.8 (30.3–33.4) | 38.3 (35.6–41.0) | 25.2 (24.0–26.4) | 41.8 (40.6–43.0) | 50.1 (43.4–56.8) | 24.3 (21.5–27.4) | 42.8 (41.9–43.6) | 37.8 (37.2–38.3) | 32.7 (32.4–33.1) |
| ≥65 | 52.2 (50.6–53.8) | 21.2 (19.5–23.1) | 11.1 (10.4–11.9) | 44.4 (43.2–45.7) | 26.9 (21.9–32.5) | 23.0 (20.6–25.6) | 32.9 (32.1–33.7) | 32.6 (32.1–33.1) | 15.9 (15.7–16.1) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||||
| Whited | 79.4 (77.6–81.1) | 50.7 (47.9–53.5) | 60.5 (58.9–62.1) | 66.2 (64.8–67.5) | 63.7 (55.9–70.8) | 64.6 (60.8–68.1) | 64.4 (63.5–65.4) | 64.9 (64.3–65.5) | 64.6 (64.3–65.0) |
| Blackd | 6.1 (5.0–7.3) | 15.9 (13.9–18.1) | 12.6 (11.5–13.7) | 14.8 (13.9–15.9) | 12.9 (8.7–18.7) | 10.0 (7.7–12.8) | 13.5 (12.9–14.2) | 12.9 (12.5–13.3) | 11.3 (11.0–11.5) |
| Hispanic | 9.3 (8.0–10.8) | 27.4 (24.5–30.5) | 18.8 (17.4–20.2) | 13.5 (12.5–14.7) | 18.0 (11.8–26.5)c | 18.1 (15.2–21.4) | 15.2 (14.5–16.0) | 15.7 (15.1–16.2) | 15.6 (15.2–15.9) |
| AI/ANd | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) | 1.6 (1.3–2.0) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | _b | 1.4 (0.9–2.1)c | 1.7 (1.6–1.9) | 1.4 (1.3–1.6) | 0.8 (0.7–0.8) |
| Asiand | 2.4 (1.8–3.2) | 3.0 (2.2–4.0) | 3.6 (3.0–4.5) | 2.6 (1.9–3.5) | _b | 2.7 (1.6–4.7)c | 2.0 (1.6–2.6) | 2.5 (2.2–2.8) | 6.0 (5.7–6.2) |
| Other race/Multiraciald | 1.8 (1.5–2.3) | 2.1 (1.6–2.7) | 2.9 (2.5–3.4) | 1.8 (1.5–2.1) | _b | 3.2 (2.1–4.8)c | 3.0 (2.7–3.4) | 2.6 (2.4–2.8) | 1.8 (1.7–1.9) |
| Marital status | |||||||||
| Married/living with partner | 61.4 (59.9–63.0) | 48.3 (45.5–51.1) | 40.9 (39.4–42.4) | 51.9 (50.7–53.2) | 59.1 (52.6–65.3) | 47.1 (43.5–50.8) | 42.8 (41.9–43.7) | 46.8 (46.2–47.4) | 58.7 (58.4–59.1) |
| Previously married | 28.6 (27.2–30.1) | 26.4 (24.2–28.9) | 20.7 (19.6–21.9) | 35.7 (34.6–36.9) | 26.9 (21.8–32.8) | 25.2 (22.6–28.0) | 38.9 (38.1–39.7) | 33.0 (32.5–33.5) | 15.8 (15.6–16.1) |
| Never married | 10.0 (9.0–11.1) | 25.3 (22.8–28.0) | 38.4 (36.8–39.9) | 12.3 (11.5–13.2) | 14.0 (10.4–18.6) | 27.6 (24.4–31.1) | 18.3 (17.6–19.1) | 20.2 (19.7–20.7) | 25.5 (25.1–25.8) |
| Educational attainment | |||||||||
| <High school graduate | 13.5 (12.0–15.2) | 21.7 (19.2–24.5) | 18.4 (17.2–19.7) | 19.2 (18.1–20.4) | 23.0 (17.0–30.3) | 19.0 (16.3–22.1) | 28.3 (27.4–29.2) | 22.6 (22.1–23.2) | 10.2 (10.0–10.5) |
| High school graduate/GED | 30.2 (28.8–31.6) | 33.1 (30.6–35.6) | 32.3 (30.9–33.7) | 32.8 (31.7–34.0) | 25.2 (20.5–30.4) | 33.1 (29.8–36.6) | 32.0 (31.3–32.8) | 32.1 (31.6–32.6) | 26.7 (26.4–27.0) |
| Some college/technical school | 32.5 (31.0–34.0) | 28.6 (26.1–31.3) | 33.6 (32.2–35.1) | 31.8 (30.7–33.1) | 32.6 (26.4–39.6) | 32.9 (29.7–36.4) | 28.7 (27.9–29.5) | 30.7 (30.2–31.3) | 31.6 (31.2–31.9) |
| College graduate | 23.8 (22.7–25.0) | 16.6 (15.0–18.3) | 15.7 (14.8–16.6) | 16.1 (15.4–16.9) | 19.2 (15.1–24.1) | 14.9 (12.8–17.3) | 10.9 (10.5–11.3) | 14.6 (14.3–14.9) | 31.5 (31.2–31.8) |
| Employment status | |||||||||
| Employed | 43.0 (41.3–44.6) | 54.3 (51.6–57.1) | 53.3 (51.8–54.8) | 30.3 (29.1–31.5) | 42.4 (35.8–49.2) | 39.2 (35.8–42.8) | 19.0 (18.3–19.7) | 32.2 (31.7–32.8) | 66.1 (65.8–66.4) |
| Unemployed | 3.4 (2.7–4.2) | 7.8 (6.3–9.6) | 9.9 (9.0–10.8) | 5.6 (5.0–6.2) | 9.7 (5.4–17.1)c | 7.2 (5.6–9.3) | 8.0 (7.5–8.5) | 7.3 (7.0–7.7) | 4.5 (4.4–4.7) |
| Unable to work | 2.5 (2.1–3.0) | 7.2 (5.8–8.8) | 8.7 (8.0–9.6) | 17.0 (16.1–18.0) | 19.3 (14.6–25.0) | 15.4 (12.9–18.3) | 37.4 (36.6–38.2) | 22.4 (21.9–22.9) | 1.6 (1.5–1.7) |
| Student/homemaker/retired | 51.1 (49.5–52.8) | 30.7 (28.4–33.1) | 28.1 (26.7–29.5) | 47.1 (45.9–48.3) | 28.6 (23.3–34.5) | 38.2 (34.8–41.7) | 35.6 (34.8–36.5) | 38.0 (37.5–38.6) | 27.8 (27.5–28.1) |
| Federal poverty level (%) | |||||||||
| <100 | 7.5 (6.6–8.4) | 19.0 (17.0–21.2) | 20.7 (19.5–22.0) | 15.5 (14.6–16.5) | 20.9 (15.6–27.5) | 20.1 (17.2–23.4) | 27.0 (26.1–27.8) | 20.9 (20.4–21.4) | 10.8 (10.5–11.0) |
| 100–199 | 22.4 (21.0–23.8) | 28.4 (25.8–31.2) | 25.1 (23.8–26.4) | 28.5 (27.5–29.6) | 25.3 (19.2–32.5) | 28.2 (25.1–31.5) | 29.7 (28.9–30.4) | 27.8 (27.3–28.3) | 17.2 (16.9–17.5) |
| ≥200 | 51.3 (49.7–53.0) | 34.9 (32.4–37.5) | 33.9 (32.5–35.3) | 37.8 (36.6–39.0) | 39.4 (33.3–45.9) | 29.1 (26.1–32.2) | 23.2 (22.4–23.9) | 31.8 (31.3–32.3) | 55.4 (55.0–55.7) |
| Unknown | 18.8 (17.5–20.3) | 17.6 (15.7–19.8) | 20.3 (19.1–21.6) | 18.2 (17.2–19.1) | 14.4 (11.0–18.6) | 22.7 (19.7–25.9) | 20.2 (19.5–20.9) | 19.6 (19.1–20.0) | 16.7 (16.4–16.9) |
| Children in household | |||||||||
| 0 children | 82.2 (80.7–83.6) | 63.6 (60.8–66.4) | 61.3 (59.8–62.8) | 79.8 (78.7–80.8) | 70.3 (63.5–76.4) | 64.0 (60.4–67.6) | 75.2 (74.4–76.0) | 73.5 (73.0–74.1) | 60.9 (60.6–61.3) |
| 1 child | 7.9 (6.9–9.0) | 15.5 (13.3–18.0) | 16.7 (15.6–17.8) | 10.1 (9.3–10.9) | 15.0 (10.4–21.2) | 14.9 (12.4–17.9) | 12.0 (11.4–12.6) | 12.3 (11.8–12.7) | 15.6 (15.3–15.9) |
| 2 children | 6.0 (5.3–6.9) | 11.8 (9.9–13.9) | 12.5 (11.5–13.5) | 6.1 (5.4–6.8) | 9.2 (5.8–14.4)c | 11.4 (8.9–14.4) | 7.3 (6.8–7.8) | 8.1 (7.8–8.5) | 14.3 (14.0–14.5) |
| ≥3 children | 3.8 (3.0–4.9) | 9.1 (7.6–10.8) | 9.5 (8.6–10.5) | 4.1 (3.6–4.7) | 5.4 (3.3–8.6)c | 9.7 (7.7–12.1) | 5.6 (5.1–6.1) | 6.1 (5.8–6.4) | 9.2 (9.0–9.5) |
| Leisure-time physical activity | |||||||||
| Yes | 76.1 (74.7–77.5) | 73.2 (70.6–75.6) | 75.6 (74.3–76.8) | 54.5 (53.2–55.7) | 61.5 (54.3–68.2) | 70.2 (67.0–73.1) | 48.8 (47.9–49.6) | 59.3 (58.8–59.9) | 81.8 (81.6–82.1) |
| No | 23.9 (22.5–25.3) | 26.8 (24.4–29.4) | 24.4 (23.2–25.7) | 45.5 (44.3–46.8) | 38.5 (31.8–45.7) | 29.8 (26.9–33.0) | 51.2 (50.4–52.1) | 40.7 (40.1–41.2) | 18.2 (17.9–18.4) |
| Cigarette smoking status | |||||||||
| Current smoker | 14.3 (13.2–15.5) | 22.5 (20.3–24.9) | 27.2 (25.9–28.6) | 18.3 (17.4–19.2) | 21.9 (16.9–27.8) | 27.6 (24.5–30.9) | 28.9 (28.1–29.6) | 24.5 (24.0–25.0) | 13.6 (13.4–13.9) |
| Former smoker | 40.4 (38.7–42.0) | 23.6 (21.3–26.0) | 21.6 (20.4–22.8) | 33.9 (32.8–35.0) | 30.7 (25.2–36.8) | 23.5 (20.6–26.7) | 31.0 (30.3–31.9) | 30.4 (29.8–30.9) | 22.6 (22.3–22.9) |
| Never smoker | 45.4 (43.8–47.0) | 53.9 (51.1–56.7) | 51.2 (49.6–52.7) | 47.8 (46.6–49.1) | 47.4 (40.7–54.3) | 48.9 (45.4–52.5) | 40.1 (39.2–41.0) | 45.1 (44.6–45.7) | 63.7 (63.4–64.1) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | |||||||||
| <25.0 | 29.8 (28.2–31.3) | 34.2 (31.5–36.9) | 36.2 (34.7–37.6) | 18.6 (17.7–19.6) | 24.1 (19.2–29.7) | 39.0 (35.5–42.6) | 25.8 (25.1–26.6) | 27.3 (26.8–27.9) | 35.1 (34.7–35.4) |
| 25.0–29.9 | 40.6 (39.0–42.2) | 31.9 (29.4–34.5) | 30.3 (28.9–31.7) | 27.8 (26.7–28.9) | 28.5 (23.2–34.6) | 28.8 (25.8–31.9) | 28.7 (27.9–29.5) | 30.2 (29.6–30.7) | 34.3 (33.9–34.6) |
| ≥30.0 | 25.8 (24.5–27.2) | 29.0 (26.6–31.6) | 28.5 (27.1–29.9) | 46.1 (44.9–47.4) | 41.1 (34.3–48.2) | 25.8 (22.7–29.2) | 39.9 (39.1–40.8) | 36.8 (36.3–37.4) | 24.8 (24.5–25.1) |
| Unknown | 3.8 (3.3–4.4) | 4.9 (3.8–6.3) | 5.1 (4.4–5.8) | 7.5 (6.8–8.1) | 6.3 (4.1–9.5)c | 6.4 (5.1–8.0) | 5.6 (5.2–6.0) | 5.7 (5.4–5.9) | 5.8 (5.7–6.0) |
| Frequent mental distresse | |||||||||
| Yes | 7.5 (6.6–8.4) | 10.3 (9.0–11.9) | 35.9 (34.4–37.4) | 12.6 (11.7–13.5) | 20.8 (15.7–27.1) | 28.0 (24.7–31.5) | 38.1 (37.2–38.9) | 27.3 (26.8–27.8) | 6.3 (6.2–6.5) |
| No | 92.5 (91.6–93.4) | 89.7 (88.1–91.0) | 64.1 (62.6–65.6) | 87.4 (86.5–88.3) | 79.2 (72.9–84.3) | 72.0 (68.5–75.3) | 61.9 (61.1–62.8) | 72.7 (72.2–73.2) | 93.7 (93.5–93.8) |
Abbreviations: AI/AN = American Indian/Alaska Native; BMI = body mass index; BRFSS = Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; CI = confidence interval; GED = General Education Development high school equivalency diploma; n = sample size; N = weighted population estimate; y = years.
a
One or more of the six functional disability types (serious difficulty in hearing, vision, cognition, or mobility, or any difficulty in self-care and independent living).
b
Relative standard error > 30%.
c
Relative standard error between 20 and 30%.
d
Non-Hispanic.
e
Defined as experiencing 14 or more days of poor mental health in the past 30 days.