GP3 downregulates the level of CLDN4 transcription. Role of viral proteins on CLDN4 transcription. The constructs containing viral proteins and pGL3-CLDN4-luc containing the CLDN4 promoter were cotransfected into HEK293T and Vero E6 cells. At 24 hpt, the transfected HEK293T cells (A) and Vero E6 cells (B) were collected and analyzed for firefly and Renilla luciferase activity using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. (C) MARC-145 cells were transfected with pCMV-myc-GP3, and the cells were collected at 12, 24, 36, and 48 hpi and analyzed by Western blotting with anti-Myc and anti-CLDN4 antibodies. (D) MARC-145 cells were transfected with 2, 4, and 6 μg of pCMV-myc-GP3, and the cells were collected at 24 hpi and analyzed by Western blotting. pCMV-myc-GP4 and blank plasmids were also transfected as negative controls. Actin was used as an internal control.