Patristic distances between samples from RAxML phylogenies of four strains show intraindividual strain similarity. Patristic distances (branch lengths) between all samples within our StrainPhlAn phylogenies, with each point representing the distance between two samples on a single phylogeny. Distances are separated by the category of comparison: intraindividual (same person over time), same family (comparisons between twin siblings), and unrelated (comparisons between unrelated people). Species are B. adolescentis (A), B. longum (B), B. bifidum (C), and B. animalis (D). Boxplots show median and quartiles, while red diamonds show means. Significance levels are median Wilcoxon rank sum tests after 999 bootstraps to smallest group size. ns, P > 0.05; *, P ≤ 0.05; **, P ≤ 0.01; ***, P ≤ 0.001; ****, P ≤ 0.0001.