Table 1.
Baseline Clinical Characteristics by Psychosocial Risk Status
| Variable | Overall (n=15403, 100%) | Psychosocial Risk (n=3163, 20.5%) | No Psychosocial Risk (n=12240, 79.5%) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age at Implant | 56.9 ± 13.0 | 52.3 ± 12.9 | 58.1 ± 12.7 | <0.001 |
| Female Gender, n(%) | 3322 (21.6) | 577 (18.2) | 2745 (22.4) | <0.001 |
| Race, n(%) | <0.001 | |||
| White, | 10151 (65.9) | 1838 (58.1) | 8313 (67.9) | |
| African American | 3787 (24.6) | 1005 (31.8) | 2782 (22.7) | |
| Asian | 254 (1.6) | 36 (1.1) | 218 (1.8) | |
| American Indian | 116 (0.8) | 34 (1.1) | 82 (0.7) | |
| Pacific Islander | 53 (0.3) | 19 (0.6) | 34 (0.3) | |
| Other | 688 (4.5) | 163 (5.2) | 525 (4.3) | |
| Unknown | 417 (2.7) | 86 (2.7) | 331 (2.7) | |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Hispanic | 1019 (6.6) | 233 (7.4) | 786 (6.4) | 0.137 |
| Blood Type O, n(%) | 7177 (46.6) | 1458 (46.1) | 5719 (46.7) | 0.384 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.5 ± 6.8 | 28.4 ± 7.0 | 28.6 ± 6.8 | 0.406 |
| BSA (m2) | 2.05 ± 0.30 | 2.05 ± 0.30 | 2.05 ± 0.30 | 0.261 |
| Ischemic Etiology of HF | 6873 (44.6) | 1202 (38.0) | 5671 (46.3) | <0.001 |
| Social Factors | ||||
| Marital Status | <0.001 | |||
| Single | 2986 (19.4) | 970 (30.7) | 2016 (16.5) | |
| Married | 9513 (61.8) | 1405 (44.4) | 8108 (66.2) | |
| Domestic Partner | 1825 (11.8) | 560 (17.7) | 1265 (10.3) | |
| Divorced/Seperated | 514 (3.3) | 108 (3.4) | 406 (3.3) | |
| Widowed | 252 (1.6) | 66 (2.1) | 186 (1.5) | |
| Unknown | 313 (2.0) | 54 (1.7) | 259 (2.1) | |
| Education Level | <0.001 | |||
| None | 29 (0.2) | 9 (0.3) | 20 (0.2) | |
| Grade school | 382 (2.5) | 121 (3.8) | 261 (2.1) | |
| High school | 5062 (32.9) | 1276 (40.3) | 3786 (30.9) | |
| College/Tech school | 2872 (18.6) | 627 (19.8) | 2245 (18.3) | |
| Associate/Bachelor | 1920 (12.5) | 278 (8.8) | 1642 (13.4) | |
| Post-graduate | 802 (5.2) | 98 (3.1) | 704 (5.8) | |
| Not applicable | 12 (0.1) | 1 (0.0) | 11 (0.1) | |
| Unknown | 4324 (28.1) | 753 (23.8) | 3571 (29.2) | |
| Working for Income | 2502 (16.2) | 410 (13.0) | 2092 (17.1) | <0.001 |
| HIV | 48 (0.3) | 16 (0.5) | 32 (0.3) | 0.028 |
| Narcotic Dependence | 100 (0.6) | 72 (2.3) | 28 (0.2) | <0.001 |
| Device-related factors | ||||
| Device type | 0.483 | |||
| LVAD | 14800 (96.1) | 3046 (96.3) | 11754 (96.0) | |
| LVAD + RVAD | 603 (3.9) | 117 (3.7) | 486 (4.0) | |
| LVAD type | <0.001 | |||
| Centrifugal | 4396 (28.5) | 731 (23.1) | 3665 (29.9) | |
| Axial | 11007 (71.5) | 2432 (76.9) | 8575 (70.1) | |
| Device Strategy | <0.001 | |||
| Transplant listed | 3866 (25.1) | 520 (16.4) | 3346 (27.3) | |
| Transplant eligible | 4204 (27.3) | 961 (30.4) | 3243 (26.5) | |
| Destination Therapy | 7232 (47.0) | 1661 (52.5) | 5571 (45.5) | |
| Bridge to recovery | 49 (0.3) | 12 (0.4) | 37 (0.3) | |
| Other | 52 (0.3) | 9 (0.3) | 43 (0.4) | |
| INTERMACS Profile | <0.001 | |||
| Profile 1 | 2655 (17.3) | 567 (21.4) | 2088 (17.2) | |
| Profile 2 | 5288 (34.5) | 1146 (36.4) | 4142 (34.0) | |
| Profile 3 | 5117 (33.4) | 1072 (34.1) | 4045 (33.2) | |
| Profile 4 – 7 | 2260 (14.8) | 361 (11.5) | 1899 (15.6) | |
| NYHA Class IV | 12025 (78.1) | 2613 (82.6) | 9412 (76.9) | <0.001 |
| 6MWT > 300m | 1101 (32.9) | 223(31.9) | 878 (33.2) | 0.541 |
| IV Inotropes | 5421 (35.2) | 1179 (37.3) | 4242 (34.7) | 0.001 |
| IABP | 4234 (27.5%) | 923 (29.2) | 3311 (27.1) | 0.017 |
| ECMO | 865 (5.6%) | 180 (5.7) | 685 (5.6) | 0.837 |
| Mechanical Ventilation | 1120 (7.3%) | 249 (7.9) | 871 (7.1) | 0.144 |
| Dialysis | 412 (2.7) | 88 (2.8) | 324 (2.6) | 0.675 |
| Comorbid Conditions | ||||
| Severe diabetes, n(%) | 1503 (9.8) | 366 (11.6) | 1137 (9.3) | <0.001 |
| Active Smoking, n(%) | 715 (4.6) | 297 (9.4) | 418 (3.4) | <0.001 |
| Pulmonary HTN | 3390 (22.0) | 914 (28.9) | 2476 (20.2) | <0.001 |
| VD, n(%) | 712 (4.6) | 163 (5.2) | 549 (4.5) | 0.111 |
| CHF Therapy | ||||
| Beta Blocker | 7376 (47.9) | 1392 (44.0) | 5984 (48.9) | <0.001 |
| ACE Inhibitor | 3501 (22.7) | 728 (23.0) | 2773 (22.7) | <0.001 |
| Angiotensin Receptor Blocker | 1328 (8.6) | 200 (6.3) | 1128 (9.2) | 0.031 |
| Aldosterone antagonist | 5937 (38.5) | 1276 (40.3) | 4661 (38.1) | <0.001 |
| Loop Diuretic | 12866 (83.5) | 2680 (84.7) | 10186 (83.2) | 0.047 |
| AICD | 12089 (78.5) | 2420 (76.5) | 9669 (79.0) | <0.001 |
6MWT = 6 minute walk test; ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme; AICD = automated implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; BMI = body mass index; BSA = body surface area; ECMO = extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; HF = heart failure; HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; IABP = intra-aortic balloon pump; HTN = hypertension; LVAD = left ventricular assist device; RVAD = right ventricular assist device; PVD = peripheral vascular disease