Table 2.

Effects of combined physical activity and dietary intervention on fasting insulin, fasting glucose and HOMA-IR over 2 years

Variable	Intervention group		Control group		Difference in estimated change between groups
	Baseline	2 year follow-up	Baseline	2 year follow-up	β (95% CI)	p value
Fasting insulin, pmol/l	30.70 (16.25)	39.66 (21.46)	31.95 (16.74)	45.56 (26.95)	−0.33 (−0.62, −0.04)	0.026
Fasting glucose, mmol/l	4.81 (0.37)	5.00 (0.50)	4.84 (0.43)	5.05 (0.49)	−0.03 (−0.07, 0.02)	0.263
HOMA-IR	0.97 (0.55)	1.28 (0.74)	1.00 (0.57)	1.49 (0.97)	−0.084 (−0.156, −0.012)	0.023

The measured values are presented as means±SD; regression coefficient β (95% CI) values are shown for differences in estimated changes in insulin, glucose and HOMA-IR between the intervention and control group and p values for intervention effects are received from linear mixed-effects models adjusted for sex, age at baseline, and pubertal status at baseline and 2 year follow-up

Data on insulin and HOMA-IR were available in the intervention group for 295 children at baseline and 252 children at 2 year follow-up and in the control group for 186 children at baseline and 165 children at 2-year follow-up. Data on glucose were available in the intervention group for 299 children at baseline and 256 children at 2 year follow-up and in the control group for 193 children at baseline and 168 children at 2 year follow-up. The partly incomplete data on these outcome variables were either due to missing fasting blood samples for the insulin and glucose analyses or to haemolysis that interfered with the insulin analyses