Table 3.
Changes in physical activity, sedentary time, diet, BF% and lean body mass as mediators for the beneficial effects of combined physical activity and dietary intervention on fasting insulin and HOMA-IR over 2 years
| Adjustment | Fasting insulin | HOMA-IR | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| β for intervention effect | Percentage of β for intervention effect explained | β for intervention effect | Percentage of β for intervention effect explained | |
| Sex, age at baseline, and pubertal status at baseline and 2 year follow-up | −0.33 | −0.084 | ||
| + Total PA energy expenditure, kJ kg−1 day−1 | −0.20 | 39 | −0.052 | 38 |
| + Light PA, h/day | −0.22 | 33 | −0.056 | 33 |
| + Moderate-to-vigorous PA, h/day | −0.20 | 39 | −0.052 | 38 |
| + Sedentary time, h/day | −0.23 | 30 | −0.058 | 31 |
| + FCHEI | −0.29 | 12 | −0.075 | 11 |
| + High-fat (≥60%) vegetable oil-based spreads, g/day | −0.26 | 21 | −0.065 | 23 |
| + BF% | −0.33 | 0 | −0.084 | 0 |
| + Lean body mass, kg | −0.34 | −3 | −0.086 | −2 |
The values are regression coefficients β for differences in estimated changes in insulin and HOMA-IR between the intervention and control group from linear mixed-effects models adjusted for sex, age at baseline, and pubertal status at baseline and 2 year follow-up and percentage changes in regression coefficients β after additional adjustment for the measures of physical activity, sedentary time, diet quality and body composition, indicating whether these variables partly explained the beneficial effects of the combined physical activity and dietary intervention on fasting serum insulin and HOMA-IR. Data on variables were available for the following numbers of children at baseline and 2 year follow-up, respectively: insulin and HOMA-IR 295 and 252 in the intervention group, and 186 and 165 in the control group; sex, age and pubertal status 306 and 261 children in the intervention group, and 198 and 177 in the control group; total physical activity energy expenditure 290 and 224 in the intervention group, and 188 and 159 in the control group; light and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity 276 and 218 in the intervention group, and 175 and 156 in the control group; sedentary time 274 and 216 in the intervention group, and 175 and 154 in the control group; FCHEI and high-fat (≥60%) vegetable oil-based spreads 256 and 231 in the intervention group, and 167 and 158 in the control group; BF% and lean body 298 and 248 in the intervention group, and 195 and 169 in the control group
β, regression coefficient; PA, physical activity