Table 2.
Associations between baseline characteristics and complicated clinical stage at day of positive SARS-CoV-2 detection
| Univariate model* | Mutivariable model* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p value | aOR (95% CI) | p value | |
| Age (years) | ||||
| ≤ 14 | 0.51 (0.12–1.52) | 0.279 | 0.55 (0.13–1.66) | 0.344 |
| 15–25 | 0.21 (0.05–0.59) | 0.010 | 0.23 (0.05–0.65) | 0.016 |
| 26–45 | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. |
| 46–65 | 2.07 (1.52–2.84) | < 0.001 | 1.73 (1.25–2.42) | 0.001 |
| 66–85 | 2.74 (2.03–3.74) | < 0.001 | 1.93 (1.36–2.74) | < 0.001 |
| > 85 | 3.29 (2.18–4.99) | < 0.001 | 2.38 (1.49–3.81) | < 0.001 |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. |
| Male | 1.26 (1.05–1.51) | 0.013 | 1.23 (1.01–1.50) | 0.040 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||||
| < 18.5 | 0.97 (0.46–1.95) | 0.926 | ** | ** |
| 18.5–24.9 | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. |
| 25–29.9 | 1.22 (0.93–1.62) | 0.153 | ** | ** |
| 30–34.9 | 1.52 (1.07–2.16) | 0.019 | ** | ** |
| > 35 | 2.21 (1.43–3.43) | < 0.001 | ** | ** |
| Smoking | ||||
| Active smoking | 1.50 (1.02–2.18) | 0.037 | ** | ** |
| Former smoking | 1.58 (1.10–2.27) | 0.013 | ** | ** |
| Nonsmoking | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. |
| Comorbidities1 | ||||
| Cardiovascular disease | 2.00 (1.66–2.41) | < 0.001 | 1.37 (1.09–1.72) | 0.007 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.76 (1.40–2.20) | < 0.001 | 1.33 (1.04–1.69) | 0.023 |
| Pulmonary disease | 1.39 (1.08–1.78) | 0.009 | 1.27 (0.98–1.64) | 0.068 |
| Hematological and/or oncological disease | 1.00 (0.77–1.28) | 0.977 | *** | *** |
| Neurological disease | 1.41 (1.12–1.76) | 0.003 | *** | *** |
| Kidney disease | 1.54 (1.20–1.97) | < 0.001 | *** | *** |
| Other comorbidities | 0.89 (0.67–1.18) | 0.438 | *** | *** |
| Pre-existing medication at day of positive SARS-CoV-2 test1 | ||||
| ACE inhibitors | 1.45 (1.15–1.83) | 0.002 | *** | *** |
| AT-1-receptor antagonists | 1.21 (0.95–1.54) | 0.120 | *** | *** |
| Statins | 1.40 (1.09–1.80) | 0.009 | *** | *** |
| Ibuprofen | 0.58 (0.33–0.97) | 0.047 | *** | *** |
| Pre-existing medication until three months before positive SARS-CoV-2 test1 | ||||
| Any immunosuppressive medication | 0.79 (0.57–1.09) | 0.166 | *** | *** |
n = 134 Observations were excluded from multivariable regression model due to missingness. ACE inhibitors angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, AT-1-receptor antagonists angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonists, Ref. reference group. Other comorbidities—connective tissue disease, peptic ulcer disease, chronic liver disease, liver cirrhosis, organ transplantation, rheumatic disease, HIV/AIDS
*Results from a logistic regression model displayed with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI); all variables were fitted simultaneously in the multivariable model
**Variable excluded from multivariable analysis due to multicollinearity
***Variable excluded from multivariable analysis due to model quality
1Reference group was not present/given