FIG 5.

IL-1β and/or TNF-α secreted into HIV-1-infected MDM supernatants inhibits CCR5/CD4-dependent HIV-1 infection of macrophages (see also Fig. S2 in the supplemental material). The virus-cleared supernatant from infected macrophages was added to new MDM cultures from 3 blood donors, prior to infection with the indicated F-Luc-encoding viruses (pseudotyped with VSV-G [A] or HIV-1 Env ADA [B]), and F-Luc activity in the cell lysates was measured. In some cases, the conditioned supernatant was treated with either control goat anti-human IgGs (Cntrl Abs), neutralizing anti-TNF-α, neutralizing anti-IL-1β, or both neutralizing antibodies. Mean F-Luc activities ± SD are shown (n = 3 blood donors; Student’s t test).