Table 4.
Factors associated with missing one or more study visits, HPTN 075 study, Kenya, Malawi, South Africa a
| Mean (SD) / n/N (%) | Univariate | Multivariable b | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Completed all visits (N = 341) | Missed ≥ 1 visits (N = 27) | OR | 95% CI | p value | AOR | 95% CI | p value | |
| Country | ||||||||
| Kisumu, Kenya | 90/93 (96.8%) | 3/93 (3.2%) | REF | |||||
| Blantyre, Malawi | 84/86 (97.7%) | 2/86 (2.3%) | 0.71 | 0.12, 4.38 | 0.716 | |||
| Cape Town, South Africa | 74/89 (83.1%) | 15/89 (16.9%) | 6.08 | 1.70, 21.81 | 0.006 | |||
| Soweto, South Africa | 93/100 (93.0%) | 7/100 (7.0%) | 2.26 | 0.57, 9.00 | 0.248 | |||
| HIV status at screening | ||||||||
| Negative | 281/302 (93.0%) | 21/302 (7.0%) | REF | |||||
| Positive | 59/65 (90.8%) | 6/65 (9.2%) | 1.36 | 0.53, 3.52 | 0.524 | |||
| Age | 24.30 (5.50) | 21.82 (3.36) | 0.88 | 0.79, 0.98 | 0.024 | |||
| Education | ||||||||
| Low (less than grade 12) | 121/129 (93.8%) | 8/129 (6.2%) | REF | |||||
| Middle (at least grade 12) | 144/157 (91.7%) | 13/157 (8.3%) | 1.37 | 0.55, 3.40 | 0.504 | |||
| High (beyond secondary school) | 71/76 (93.4%) | 5/76 (6.6%) | 1.07 | 0.34, 3.38 | 0.915 | |||
| Employment status | ||||||||
| Full or part time employed | 102/110 (92.7%) | 8/110 (7.3%) | REF | |||||
| Self‐employed | 45/47 (95.7%) | 2/47 (4.3%) | 0.57 | 0.12, 2.78 | 0.483 | |||
| Unemployed (including in‐between jobs) | 96/104 (92.3%) | 8/104 (7.7%) | 1.06 | 0.38, 2.94 | 0.907 | |||
| Student | 86/93 (92.5%) | 7/93 (7.5%) | 1.04 | 0.36, 2.98 | 0.945 | |||
| Other | 10/12 (83.3%) | 2/30 (16.7%) | 2.55 | 0.48, 13.68 | 0.275 | |||
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Single/divorced/widowed | 318/344 (92.4%) | 26/344 (7.6%) | REF | |||||
| Married/civil union/legal partnership | 21/22 (95.5%) | 1/22 (4.5%) | 0.58 | 0.08, 4.50 | 0.604 | |||
| Any children | ||||||||
| No | 268/292 (91.8%) | 24/292 (8.2%) | REF | |||||
| Yes | 71/74 (95.9%) | 3/74 (4.1%) | 0.47 | 0.14, 1.61 | 0.231 | |||
| Transgender | ||||||||
| No | 266/289 (92.0%) | 23/289 (8.0%) | REF | |||||
| Yes | 69/73 (94.5%) | 4/73 (5.5%) | 0.67 | 0.22, 2.00 | 0.474 | |||
| Sexual attraction | ||||||||
| Men and women | 183/191 (95.8%) | 8/191 (4.2%) | REF | |||||
| Men only | 155/173 (89.6%) | 18/173 (10.4%) | 2.66 | 1.12, 6.28 | 0.026 | |||
| Sexual identity | ||||||||
| Bisexual and other | 133/137 (97.1%) | 4/137 (2.9%) | REF | REF | ||||
| Gay | 206/229 (90.0%) | 23/229 (10.0%) | 3.71 | 1.26, 10.97 | 0.018 | 4.65 | 1.29, 16.83 | 0.019 |
| Negative feelings of homosexuality | 1.98 (0.54) | 2.04 (0.62) | 1.19 | 0.58, 2.46 | 0.637 | 1.91 | 0.80, 4.53 | 0.144 |
| MSM‐related stigma in healthcare | 1.84 (0.22) | 1.78 (0.24) | 0.31 | 0.06, 1.49 | 0.143 | 0.39 | 0.07, 2.23 | 0.288 |
| Concealing same‐sex sexuality | 2.16 (1.18) | 2.66 (1.26) | 1.42 | 1.01, 1.99 | 0.045 | 1.29 | 0.87, 1.90 | 0.206 |
| Likelihood to remain in study for a year | 1.32 (0.46) | 1.30 (0.46) | 0.91 | 0.39, 2.14 | 0.826 | |||
| How committed they felt to participating | 1.22 (0.46) | 1.08 (0.26) | 0.34 | 0.08, 1.38 | 0.131 | |||
| Importance of study for MSM community | 1.14 (0.42) | 1.12 (0.42) | 0.82 | 0.29, 2.32 | 0.703 | |||
| Travel to study site | 1.92 (0.56) | 1.92 (0.48) | 1.02 | 0.50, 2.05 | 0.962 | |||
| Making time for visit | 1.90 (0.52) | 1.92 (0.54) | 1.13 | 0.52, 2.44 | 0.756 | |||
| Setting up appointment | 1.82 (0.48) | 1.82 (0.48) | 1.01 | 0.44, 2.32 | 0.979 | |||
AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence intervals; MSM, men who have sex with men; n, number with characteristic; N, total number; OR, odds ratio; REF, reference group; SD, standard deviation.
a
Five participants who died during the study were excluded from this table
b
four variables were selected using stepwise model with selection of variables at entry significance level of 0.3 and exit significance level of 0.35.