Table 2.

Summary of diagnostic test accuracy and subgroup analysis of the included studies with patient-based analysis.

Subgroup		Number of included studies	Sensitivity (95% CI)	Specificity (95% CI)	PLRa	NLRb	DORc	AUCd
Value of meta-analysis in all included studies		6	0.87 (0.72-0.94)	0.86 (0.77-0.92)	6.2 (3.8-10.1)	0.15 (0.07-0.34)	40 (15-112)	0.92 (0.90-0.94)
Methodological quality of included studiese
	High quality	5	0.89 (0.75-0.96)	0.88 (0.83-0.92)	7.7 (5.6-10.6)	0.12 (0.05-0.28)	64 (32-129)	0.94 (0.91-0.95)
	Low quality	1	Null	Null	Null	Null	Null	Null
Total number of included patientse
	≤100	4	0.90 (0.73-0.97)	0.88 (0.81-0.93)	7.6 (5.3-10.9)	0.11 (0.04-0.32)	68 (29-158)	0.94 (0.91-0.95)
	<100	2	Null	Null	Null	Null	Null	Null
Format of study
	Retrospective	4	0.90 (0.73-0.97)	0.88 (0.81-0.93)	7.6 (5.3-10.9)	0.11 (0.04-0.32)	68 (29-158)	0.94 (0.91-0.95)
	Prospective	2	Null	Null	Null	Null	Null	Null
Published year
	After 2010	4	0.80 (0.64-0.90)	0.86 (0.73-0.93)	5.6 (2.8-11.3)	0.24 (0.13-0.45)	23 (8-72)	0.90 (0.87-0.92)
	Before 2010	2	Null	Null	Null	Null	Null	Null
Type of AIf
	Neural network–based	4	0.78 (0.64-0.87)	0.87 (0.74-0.94)	6.0 (2.7-13.0)	0.26 (0.15-0.44)	23 (7-73)	0.89 (0.86-0.91)
	SVMg-based	2	Null	Null	Null	Null	Null	Null
Type of endoscopic image
	WLIh	5	0.86 (0.67-0.95)	0.86 (0.75-0.92)	6.1 (3.4-10.9)	0.16 (0.06-0.42)	37 (11-124)	0.92 (0.89-0.94)
	LCIi	1	Null	Null	Null	Null	Null	Null
Classifying performance between Helicobacter pylori–positive vs H pylori–naïve patients		2	0.82 (0.74-0.89)	0.85 (0.81-0.89)	3.5 (0.8-14.3)	0.27 (0.05-1.41)	13 (0.8-229)	Null

^aPLR: positive likelihood ratio.

^bNLR: negative likelihood ratio.

^cDOR: diagnostic odds ratio.

^dAUC: area under the curve.

^eThese modifiers were significant in the meta-regression analysis.

^fAI: artificial intelligence.

^gSVM: support vector machine.

^hWLI: white-light imaging.

ⁱLCI: linked color imaging.