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. 2020 Sep 19;93:100606. doi: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2020.100606

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Effect of coffee on insulin signaling and α-glucosidase activity. (A) Effect of Kenyan coffee intake on interstitial glucose levels with no prior calorie intake. The y-axis shows the interstitial glucose levels measured using the FreeStyle Libre glucose monitor (Abbott Diabetes Care Ltd, Witney, United Kingdom), and the x-axis shows time (in minutes). (B) The effect of Kenyan coffee intake on insulin signaling. Kenyan coffee was added to the culture medium at ratios of 1:0, 1:50, and 1:25 (medium:coffee) as indicated in the bottom of the picture. Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing human insulin receptors (CHOIR cells) were stimulated with or without 100 nM human insulin (Ins) for 15 minutes. Tyrosine phosphorylated IRS-1 and insulin receptor β-subunits detected by phosphotyrosine blotting are indicated by arrows. The experiments were conducted independently in triplicate. (C) Estimated inhibitory effect of coffee on α-glucosidase activity. The y-axis shows the levels of synthesized glucose. The closed column represents the control sample (assay conditions: 10 mM sucrose, 0.4 U/mL α-glucosidase); the column with vertical stripes represents the miglitol sample (assay conditions: 10 mM sucrose, 0.4 U/mL α-glucosidase, 0.1 mM miglitol), and the open column represents Kenyan coffee (assay conditions: 10 mM sucrose, 0.4 U/mL α-glucosidase, 2% v/v Kenyan coffee). The experiments were repeated independently four times. The synthesized glucose levels were compared with those of the control sample and statistically analyzed.