Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of matched patients with and without chronic kidney disease
| Patients without CKD N = 238,699 | Patients with CKD N = 238,513 | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number (%) | Number (%) | ||
| Age (years) | |||
| < 55 | 6823 (2.9) | 6785 (2.8) | 0.990 |
| 55–64 | 23,377 (9.8) | 23,278 (9.8) | |
| 65–74 | 70,027 (29.3) | 69,963 (29.3) | |
| 75–84 | 100,761 (42.2) | 100,733 (42.3) | |
| > =85 | 37,711 (15.8) | 37,754 (15.8) | |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 93,860 (39.3) | 93,824 (39.3) | 0.912 |
| Female | 144,839 (60.7) | 144,689 (60.7) | |
| Ethnicity | |||
| White/not-recordeda | 233,154 (97.7) | 233,179 (97.8) | |
| South Asian | 1712 (0.7) | 2153 (0.9) | < 0.001 |
| Black | 1144 (0.5) | 1041 (0.4) | |
| Otherb | 2689 (1.1) | 2140 (0.9) | |
| Index of Multiple Deprivationc | |||
| 1(least deprived) | 55,982 (23.5) | 52,223 (21.9) | |
| 2 | 60,777 (25.5) | 59,575 (25.0) | |
| 3 | 49,736 (20.8) | 49,931 (20.9) | < 0.001 |
| 4 | 41,539 (17.4) | 43,986 (18.4) | |
| 5(most deprived) | 30,665 (12.9) | 32,798 (13.8) | |
| Smoking status | |||
| Non-Smoker | 91,030 (38.1) | 79,432 (33.3) | |
| Current Smoker | 35,834 (15.0) | 28,796 (12.1) | < 0.001 |
| Ex-Smoker | 105,966 (44.4) | 129,414 (54.3) | |
| Missing | 5869 (2.5) | 871 (0.4) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | |||
| < 18.5 | 6469 (2.7) | 4454 (1.9) | |
| 18.5–25 | 83,966 (35.2) | 68,760 (28.8) | < 0.001 |
| 25–30 | 79,336 (33.2) | 86,724 (36.4) | |
| ≥ 30 | 39,854 (16.7) | 62,385 (26.2) | |
| Missing | 29,074 (12.2) | 16,190 (6.8) | |
| Chronic physical illnesses | |||
| Asthma | 27,389 (11.5) | 30,595 (12.8) | < 0.001 |
| Cancer | 46,603 (19.5) | 53,450 (22.4) | < 0.001 |
| COPD | 14,544 (6.1) | 17,739 (7.4) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes | 23,986 (10.1) | 52,141 (21.9) | < 0.001 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 4189 (1.8) | 5922 (2.5) | < 0.001 |
CKD chronic kidney disease stages 3–5
COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
awhite/not recorded: 136119 (56.2%) and 140,784 (58.1%) patients with and without CKD stages 3–5, respectively, had missing ethnicity
bother: Mixed, not stated and other ethnicities
cIndex of Multiple Deprivation: 259 (0.1%) and 272 (0.1%) patients with and without CKD stages 3–5 were missing individual data so Index of Multiple Deprivation of general practice was used