Table 2.
Results of statistical analyses correcting for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI)
| A: Analysis of covariance (correcting for age, sex, and body mass index) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model summary | Control | HCM | DCM | IHD | IHD-T2DM | ||
| SGLT1 expression | P = 0.024 | EM mean (± SEM) | 0.355 ± 0.267 | 0.926 ± 0.339 | 1.654 ± 0.234 | 1.332 ± 0.235 | 1.391 ± 0.258 |
| P value (vs. Control) | – | 0.920 | 0.020 | 0.040 | 0.056 | ||
| GLUT1 expression | P = 0.035 | EM mean (± SEM) | 0.526 ± 0.091 | 0.402 ± 0.120 | 0.630 ± 0.081 | 0.754 ± 0.089 | 0.801 ± 0.077 |
| P value (vs. Control) | – | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.224 | 0.116 | ||
| GLUT4 expression | P = 0.544 | EM mean (± SEM) | 0.755 ± 0.108 | 0.818 ± 0.114 | 0.950 ± 0.105 | 0.789 ± 0.071 | 0.896 ± 0.073 |
| P value (vs. Control) | – | 1.000 | 0.840 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||
| B: Partial correlation analysis (correcting for age, sex, and body mass index) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Partial correlation coefficient (BCa 95% CI) | P value | |
| LVEDD–SGLT1 | 0.476 [0.182, 0.700] | 0.002 |
| EF–SGLT1 | − 0.542 [− 0.755, − 0.233] | < 0.001 |
| LVEDD–GLUT1 | − 0.036 [− 0.365, 0.301] | 0.819 |
| EF–GLUT1 | − 0.147 [− 0.455, 0.165] | 0.331 |
| LVEDD–GLUT4 | 0.204 [− 0.138, 0.503] | 0.195 |
| EF–GLUT4 | − 0.141 [− 0.411, 0.134] | 0.350 |
| SGLT1–GLUT1 | − 0.060 [− 0.311, 0.226] | 0.693 |
| SGLT1–GLUT4 | 0.324 [− 0.011, 0.604] | 0.030 |
| GLUT1–GLUT4 | 0.254 [0.004, 0.503] | 0.085 |
A: Results of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA): left ventricular (LV) relative mRNA expressions of the three major glucose transporters are corrected for age, sex, and BMI according to study subgroups. The related P values are reported as model summary. Estimated marginal (EM) means are provided. To test intergroup differences, we report P values associated with bias-corrected and accelerated (BCa) 95% confidence intervals (CI) based on n = 1000 bootstrap samples, that are adjusted for multiple comparisons using Bonferroni correction
B: Results of partial correlation analysis on ranked scores: partial correlation coefficients (r) of LV relative mRNA expression of the three major glucose transporters and echocardiographic parameters are corrected for age, sex, and BMI. For all partial correlation coefficients, bias-corrected and accelerated (BCa) 95% confidence intervals (CI) are reported based on n = 1000 bootstrap samples
HCM hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, DCM dilated cardiomyopathy, IHD ischemic heart disease, T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus, SGLT1 sodium-glucose cotransporter-1, GLUT1/4 facilitated glucose transporter 1/4, EM mean estimated marginal mean, LVEDD left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, EF left ventricular ejection fraction, BCa 95% CI bias-corrected and accelerated 95% confidence interval