Table 3.
Abbreviated multivariate linear regression results—Patient-centered care and service utilization (i.e., percentage of patients utilized the service).
| Variables╲Services | Methadone (N=168) | Buprenorphine (N=241) | Behavioral treatment (N=452) | Routine medical care (N=359) | HIV Tests (N=526) | Suicide prev. counseling (N=404) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coef. (95% CI) | Coef. (95% CI) | Coef. (95% CI) | Coef. (95% CI) | Coef. (95% CI) | Coef. (95% CI) | |
| Patient-centered care variables | ||||||
| Invite patients into care decision-making processes | 2.72 (−8.89, 14.33) | −4.13 (−13.24, 4.98) | 12.68** (3.45, 21.91) | 22.71*** (12.99, 32.43) | 13.60* (1.49, 25.71) | 20.38** (8.15, 32.61) |
| Patient-centered shared decision-making | 5.06 (−0.83, 10.94) | −2.36 (−6.37, 1.65) | 6.82** (2.67, 10.97) | 0.80 (−4.01, 5.62) | 4.99 (−0.12, 10.09) | 4.33 (−1.63, 10.29) |
| R-square | 0.675 | 0.428 | 0.256 | 0.324 | 0.254 | 0.227 |
| R-square with only control variables only (without patient-centered care variables) | 0.662 | 0.413 | 0.188 | 0.249 | 0.225 | 0.179 |
| Proportions of variations explained by patient-centered care variables | 1.9% | 3.5% | 26.6% | 23.1% | 11.4% | 21.1% |
p < 0.05
p < 0.01
p < 0.001
Note: Results are controlled for environmental factors (located in Medicaid expansion state, total SUD admissions in county, region), organizational characteristics (service modality, ownership, proportion of revenue from private insurance, owned by a hospital or mental health facility, accreditation status), managers’ perception (perceived high regional competition, reliance on professional information, endorsement on 12-step treatment model), patient and staff characteristics (proportion of racial/ethnic minority patients, proportion of patients with alcohol-use disorder, proportion of patients with opioid-use disorder, proportion of patients with prescription opioid-use disorder, proportion of involuntary patients, total number of staff, proportion of staff with medical training, proportion of staff with academic credentials, proportion of staff with lived experience, average caseload). Due to multicollinearity issue, the analysis estimating utilization of methadone treatment services did not include service modality and accreditation status variables. Full regression analysis results available in Appendix.